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A Journal of Foreign Literature and Languages

Xanthus said this; then the Furies stopped his voice.

Inspired by the defiant prophecy of a hero’s immortal horse, Xanthos is a double-blind, peer-reviewed academic journal publishing quality writing in the fields of comparative literature, philosophy and literature, literary theory and critique, classical reception, linguistics, and translation.

Committed to provocative critical inquiry which transgresses boundaries and says what often remains unsaid, our interdisciplinary journal emphasizes literature’s dynamic affinity with philosophy, history, classics, political theory, and current affairs.

Spanning 13 languages, Xanthos empowers dialogue across cultures, actively seeking out literature which has never before appeared in the English-speaking world.

Based in the University of Exeter, Xanthos is published annually in print and online.  The journal is generously supported by the University of Exeter’s Doctoral College Researcher-Led Initiative Award and the College of Humanities’ PGR Activities Award.

Indiana University Press

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Journal of Modern Literature

Edited by Robert L. Caserio, Caren Irr, Janet Lyon, Daniel T. O’Hara, Jean-Michel Rabaté, Ramón E. Soto-Crespo, Robert T. Tally, Jr., and Jennifer Yusin

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Journal Information

• Keywords: Aesthetics, Arts & Culture, Feminism, Fiction, Literary Criticism, Modern Literature, Narratives, Poetry, Political Philosophy, Popular Culture

Description

More than four decades after its founding, the Journal of Modern Literature remains a leading scholarly journal in the field of modern and contemporary literature and is widely recognized as such. It emphasizes scholarly studies of literature in all languages, as well as related arts and cultural artifacts, from 1900 to the present. International in its scope, its contributors include scholars from Australia, Canada, China, England, Denmark, France, Israel, Japan, Nigeria, Spain, and Turkey.

• Editorial Details
• Submission Info
• Publication Ethics
• Abstract & Index
• Additional Information

Editorial Office Contact Information

• Robert L. Caserio, Penn State University, USA
• Caren Irr, Brandeis University, USA
• Janet Lyon, Penn State University, USA
• Daniel T. O’Hara, Temple University, USA
• Jean-Michel Rabaté, University of Pennsylvania, USA
• Ramón E. Soto-Crespo, University of Illinois, USA
• Robert T. Tally, Jr., Texas State University, USA
• Jennifer Yusin, Drexel University, USA

Managing Editor

• Laurel Garver, Temple University, USA

Copyrights Editor

• Robert Spoo, University of Tulsa, USA

Advisory Editors

• Jessica Berman, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA
• Ruben Borg, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
• Mikita Brottman, Maryland Institute College of Art, USA
• Jessica Burstein, University of Washington, USA
• André Carrington, University of California, Riverside, USA
• Heather Clark, University of Huddersfield, UK
• Tim Dean, University of Illinois, USA
• Maria DiBattista, Princeton University, USA
• Rachel Blau DuPlessis, Temple University, USA
• David Dwan, Oxford University, UK
• Jonathan Eburne, Penn State University, USA
• Hoda El Shakry, University of Chicago, USA
• André Furlani, Concordia University, Canada
• Ranjan Ghosh, University of North Bengal, India
• Matt Hart, Columbia University, USA
• Eric Hayot, Penn State University, USA
• Scott Herring, Yale University, USA
• Aaron Jaffe, Florida State University, USA
• Tsitsi Jaji, Duke University, USA
• Julia Jordan, University College London, UK
• Eric Keenaghan, SUNY – Albany, USA
• Linda Kinnahan, Duquesne University, USA
• Michael Leong, Kenyon College, USA
• Charles Lock, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
• Marina MacKay, Oxford University, UK
• Gina MacKenzie, Holy Family University, USA
• Peter Lancelot Mallios, University of Maryland, USA
• Bernard McKenna, University of Delaware, USA
• Lynda Ng, University of Sydney, Australia
• Aldon Nielsen, Penn State University, USA
• Patrick Pritchett, University of Connecticut, USA
• Richard Purcell, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
• Ralph Rodriguez, Brown University, USA
• Urmila Seshagiri, University of Tennessee, USA
• David Sterritt, Maryland Institute College of Art, USA
• Shane Vogel, Yale University, USA

The editors welcome submissions of scholarly studies of literature in all languages, as well as related arts and cultural artifacts from 1900 to the present. Papers should conform to the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, current edition, and should be accompanied by a 100-150 word abstract and 3-5 keywords. Submissions should not exceed 9,000 words total. JML does not consider manuscripts that are under review elsewhere or that have been previously published. However, we understand the inconvenience of tying up an essay for a lengthy period and therefore will make every effort to respond to each submission in a timely fashion. Submit electronic copies of anonymous manuscripts (in Word or RTF format) via e-mail to: Laurel Garver at  [email protected] .

JML: Journal of Modern Literature  is dedicated to following best practices on ethical matters, errors, and retractions. The prevention of publication malpractice is one of the important responsibilities of the editorial board. Any kind of unethical behavior is not acceptable, and  JML  does not tolerate plagiarism in any form. Authors submitting articles to  JML  affirm that manuscript contents are original.

The following duties outlined for editors, authors, and reviewers are based on the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Editors. Editors, authors, and reviewers will also adhere to the MLA submission guideline policies.

Duties of Editors

Publication Decisions : Based on the review reports, the manuscript will be accepted, rejected, or a request will be made for modifications to the manuscript and re-review.

Review of Manuscripts : The manuscript is initially evaluated by the managing editor for applicability to the journal. Following desk review, the manuscript will be sent for blind review to a co-editor, advisory editor, or outside referee. If the piece is judged to be potentially acceptable or needing revision, it will be sent, again for blind review, to another co-editor or to an advisory editor. This will determine whether to accept, reject, or request revisions for the manuscript.

Fair Review : The editors must ensure that each manuscript received by  JML  is reviewed for its intellectual content without regard to sex, gender, disability, race, religion, citizenship, etc. of the authors.

Confidentiality : The editors must ensure that information regarding manuscripts submitted by the authors is kept confidential.

Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest : The editors of  JML  will not use unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript for their own research without written consent of the author.

Duties of Authors

Reporting Standards : Authors should present an accurate account of their original research as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Manuscripts will follow the submission guidelines of the journal.

Originality : Authors must ensure that they have written entirely original work.

Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publications : Authors should not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently. It is also expected that the author will not publish redundant manuscripts or manuscripts describing the same research in more than one journal.

Acknowledgement of Sources : Authors should acknowledge all sources of data used in the research and cite publications that have been influential in the research work.

Authorship of the Paper : Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to conception, design, execution or interpretation of the reported study. Others who have made significant contribution must be listed as co-authors. Authors also ensure that all the authors have seen and agreed to the submitted version of the manuscript and their inclusion of names as co-authors.

Data Access and Retention : Authors should provide raw data related to their manuscript (if applicable) for editorial review and must retain such data.

Fundamental Errors in Published Works : If at any point of time, the author(s) discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in submitted manuscript, then the error or inaccuracy must be reported to the editors.

Duties of Reviewers

Confidentiality : Information regarding manuscripts submitted by authors should be kept confidential and be treated as privileged information.

Acknowledgement of Sources : Manuscript reviewers must ensure that authors have acknowledged all sources of data used in the research. Any kind of similarity or overlap between the manuscripts under consideration or with any other published paper of which reviewer has personal knowledge must be immediately brought to the editors’ notice.

Standards of Objectivity : Review of submitted manuscripts must be done objectively and the reviewers should express their views clearly with supporting arguments.

Promptness : In the event that a reviewer feels it is not possible for him/her to complete review of manuscript within stipulated time then this information must be communicated to the managing editor, so that the manuscript could be sent to another reviewer.

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Examine the topic of world literature, the definition of which has been subject to scholarly debate. The term was first used in 1827 by German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe to refer to the dissemination of literature from and to countries around the world—in effect, a focus on the globalization of literature. Others consider world literature to be all the literature in the world, both past and present, as a counter to a nationalist approach to literature.

The study of world literature is a fairly new phenomena that developed primarily in the West, having taken hold in Western academia only recently. Well into the 20 th century, the study of literature in Western colleges and universities focused mainly on novels, short stories, plays, and poetry produced in the West—in other words, English literature that was considered part of an accepted canon. In the mid-20 th century, there was more acceptance of English-language titles produced in non-Western countries, such as works from English-speaking African writers. Translations of foreign-language works into English further generated interest in literature from other cultures.

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Gale Literature: LitFinder

Provides access to literary works and secondary source materials covering world literature and writers throughout history. It includes more than 150,000 full-text literary works and over 800,000 poetry citations as well as short stories, speeches, and plays. Users can easily target the information they’re seeking with refined search options.

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The Making of the Modern World, Part I: The Goldsmiths’-Kress Library of Economic Literature, 1450‒1850

The Making of the Modern World, Part I: The Goldsmiths’-Kress Library of Economic Literature, 1450‒1850  is a core resource for scholars and students for its successive editions of works by preeminent thinkers and for its wealth of rare source materials covering the experience and consequences of world trade, exploration, and colonization of the New World; the Industrial Revolution; and the development of modern capitalism.

Nineteenth Century Collections Online: British Theatre, Music, and Literature

This collection includes receipts and archives from the Drury Lane Theatre; Royal Philharmonic Society music manuscripts; and the largely forgotten Wandering Minstrels archive, which opens a rare glimpse into the decades of Gilbert and Sullivan. The archive enables scholars to explore primary sources covering such topics as Victorian popular culture, street literature, social history, music, penny dreadfuls, professional acting on the London stage, the Royal Literary Fund, British dramatic works, and many others.

Nineteenth Century Collections Online: European Literature, the Corvey Collection, 1790–1840

This unique collection of monographs includes a wide range of Romantic literature published in English, French, and German. Sourced from Castle Corvey in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, the Corvey Collection is one of the most important surviving collections of works from the period. With a special focus on these rare works, especially difficult-to-find works by lesser-known women writers, more than 9,500 titles are included.

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African American Literature for Students

Gale | 2020 | ISBN-13: 9780028666754

African American Literature for Students  contains easily accessible and content-rich discussions of the literary and historical background of 14 works from various time periods. The works—not previously covered in any For Students series—are comprised of a variety of genres, including novels, poems, short stories, and dramas. The entries include works by frequently studied and well-established authors as well as by more contemporary, up-and-coming authors.

Each work was specially chosen by an advisory panel of teachers and librarians—experts who helped define the information needs of students and ensure the age-appropriateness of this content. Within the pages of  African American Literature for Students,  young researchers will discover everything they need to complete homework assignments and lead classroom discussions.

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Language and Society in the Greek and Roman Worlds, 1 st Edition

Gale | 2015 | ISBN-13: 9781316307984

Texts written in Latin, Greek, and other languages provide ancient historians with their primary evidence, but the role of language as a source for understanding the ancient world is often overlooked. Language played a key role in state formation and the spread of Christianity, the construction of ethnicity, and negotiating positions of social status and group membership. Language could reinforce social norms and shed light on taboos. This book presents ways in which linguistics can illuminate topics such as imperialism, ethnicity, social mobility, religion, gender, and sexuality in the ancient world, without assuming the reader has any knowledge of Greek or Latin, or of linguistic jargon. It describes the rise of Greek and Latin at the expense of other languages spoken around the Mediterranean, and details the social meanings of different styles and the attitudes of ancient speakers toward linguistic differences.

World Literature In Spanish: An Encyclopedia, 1 st Edition

ABC-CLIO | 2012 | ISBN-13: 9780313080838

There are approximately 400 million native Spanish-speaking people worldwide. Due to the number of nations and different cultures across the globe that have used this language over the last millennium, Spanish-language literature is quite diverse, and is responsible for many significant and distinguished contributions to world civilization.

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David Damrosch awarded the 2023 Balzan Prize for his work on world literature

The Institute for World Literature (IWL) has been created to explore the study of literature in a globalizing world. As we enter the twenty-first century, our understanding of “world literature” has expanded beyond the classic canon of European masterpieces and entered a far-reaching inquiry into the variety of the world’s literary cultures and their distinctive reflections and refractions of the political, economic, and religious forces sweeping the globe. Past guest lecturers and keynote speakers include Herta Müller, Orhan Pamuk, Homi Bhabha, Gayatri Spivak, Yoko Tawada, Dubravka Ugresic. Gis è le Sapiro among others,  Our seminars are taught by a wide range of scholars working across disciplines. Past seminar leaders include Susan Bassnett, Ursula Heise, Franco Moretti, Bruce Robbins, Gis è le Sapiro, Lawrence Venuti, Rebecca Walkowitz, and many more. Read more .

A Conversation with Orhan Pamuk (2020)

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A Reading and Conversation with Herta Müller (2022)

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David Damrosch, “Born Global" (2022)

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Yoko Tawada, “A Dream of Multilingual Poetry” (2018)

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Foreign Literatures in America (FLA) is a project devoted to the recovery and understanding of the significance of foreign authored literary works, as well as immigrant authored literary works, in the U.S. throughout U.S. history. Our principal mission is to challenge conceptions of “American literature” that turn upon the American citizenship of an author—when historically it is clear that foreign authored works, as well as works by immigrant authors who wrote in many languages and were not citizens of the United States, have long profoundly constituted an important part of the literatures and cultures of the U.S. This project thus seeks to offer many fresh opportunities to globalize the terms through which we understand American literature and American culture, both of these domains rediscovered as richly constituted and interpenetrated by global texts, concerns, contexts, voices. FLA pursues these goals by offering various means of studying the reception of foreign and immigrant authored literary works in the U.S., in interdisciplinary terms that encompass literature, culture, politics, history, and international relations. **Archival resources: **The project offers extensive archival resources of primary reception materials (i.e., accounts of “foreign” authors and works in newspapers, magazines, images, rarer archives, etc.) accessible in themselves, browsable in useful arrays, and searchable and subject to certain forms of quantitative analysis by nuanced means. Laboratories: The project develops laboratories based on cutting edge tools of machine learning drawn from recent digital humanities innovations in the areas of topics modeling and sentiment analysis; these laboratories allow users to mine large databases of “big data” already assembled for meaningful patterns and insights of literary reception. Book review pages: The project assembles its own smaller databases of book review pages from various U.S. newspapers and periodicals over time (beginning with the New York Times, The New Republic, and The Crisis), subject not only to the kind of searching and quantitative techniques of analysis found in the archival and laboratory sections, but also to comparative quantification of the most frequently mentioned authors in user-determined time frames and periodical ranges—(these book review pages thus become a powerful means of recovering forgotten literary and cultural history). Collective Forum: FLA is a committedly and internationally a collective forum for research, innovation, discussion, and collaboration, one in which blogging and various forms of collective interchange, suggestion, and crowd-sourced cooperation are facilitated—both as concerns all the research functions described above, and also toward innovation of further functions FLA could undertake. Beyond the general aims and specific outcomes noted above, there are two specific aims of this project that should be emphasized. First, in the shorter term, rather than do full comprehensive justice to any one of the functions described above, we are really trying to “open the door” with respect to them all, encouraging different teams of faculty and student researches both at the University of Maryland and around the country and world to develop dynamic possibilities for this project. Anyone interested in the kind of scholarly and analytic priorities foregrounded by the project is most warmly encouraged to contact us with your ideas and to join our project. The second point is more long term: though this project does aim to offer the means for a wholesale remapping of American literary studies (what this domain consists of, which voices and texts, why they are important), it is also a project of significance not only among university and academic research communities but also in larger social domains of education as well—including not only secondary schools and undergraduate pedagogy and also those interested in non-traditional education forms in our culture and society generally. This general goal of making a productive globalizing contribution to American education in the broadest possible terms is an ultimate aspiration for this project. The technological infrastructure for this project has been supported in part by a generous grant from  Amazon Web Services .

Participants

• FLA Project Website
• Faculty Fellowships Open Up New Avenues for Research Collaboration August 29, 2011 MITH
• Beginnings… December 7, 2011 Peter Mallios
• Searching for the Quantum Dimension of Foreign Literature December 21, 2011 Rebecca Borden
• Reinventing the Boundaries of American Literature January 9, 2012 Nicholas Slaughter
• Telling the Story of Foreign Literatures in America January 23, 2012 Jennifer Wellman
• Extremely Visible and Incredibly Close Reading of Logos February 7, 2012 Amanda Visconti
• Open Water February 20, 2012 Peter Mallios
• My Dissertation in the Year 2112 March 6, 2012 Rebecca Borden
• Archive of Emotion April 2, 2012 Katherine Stanutz
• Names of the Game April 16, 2012 Nicholas Slaughter
• Progress Update on the Modern British Archive May 9, 2012 Jennifer Wellman
• On Fish, FLA, and the Digital Humanities May 23, 2012 Peter Mallios
• An Undergraduate View of Data Mining with WEKA November 5, 2012 Peter Mallios
• Asking Questions of Lots of Text with Weka December 18, 2012 Peter Mallios
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• Academic Interview
• Literature, Medicine, and Public Health: An Interview with Sally Shuttleworth Kong Derong & Sally Shuttleworth (1)
• Foreign Literature Studies and the Construction of A Chinese Intellectual System
• Reflections on the Holistic View of Foreign Literature Criticism in the New Era Jiang Hongxin (15)
• Frontiers of Theory and Practice of Criticism
• The Mirror of Modernity: The Progression of English and American Literary Studies in China Cao Li (19)
• The Relevance of Foreign Literature Studies to Chinese-Style Modernization Yin Qiping (25)
• The Chinese Stance and the Construction of a Chinese Intellectual System in Foreign Literature Studies Li Weifang (29)
• Studies on Theoretical Resources of Ethical Literary Criticism
• The Ethicalness of the Understanding in Western Marxism Chen Guangxing (33)
• “Moral Imagination” in Contemporary Aesthetics Han Cunyuan (47)
• History of Economic Thoughts in English Literature
• Research Paradigm of the History of Economic Thoughts in English Literature Under Literary Economic Criticism Discourse Tao Jiusheng (59)
• “British Disease”, Ideas of State Intervention, and Imagination of Financial Empire in Early Modernist Literature Li Feng (74)
• Marginalism and the Reconstruction of East-West Relations in Blake's Jerusalem Cheng Wen (86)
• Literary Exchange and Mutual Learning between China and Foreign Countries
• A. S. Byatt's Retranscription of Henri Matisse’s Paintings into “Chinese Lobster” Yang Lin (99)
• Literary Exchange between China and the World and the Eastern Literature Studies
• Robert Bly's “Seclusion” and Laozi-Zhuangzi's Life Philosophy Liu Yongqing (113)
• English and American Literature Studies
• A Study of the Legal Ethics in Scott's The Heart of Midlothian Wu Di (125)
• The Automobile and the American Feminist Movement in Annie Proulx's Postcards Zhou Yi (136)
• Site of Imperial Memory: On the Writing of Sugarcane in Three American Caribbean Novels   Chen Tianran (147)
• Criticism and Review
• Interdisciplinary Integration of Literature and History: A Review of the New Book on American Historical Novels by Professor Yu Jianhua and His Research Team   Jing Xingmei (160)
• Alternative Archival Memories of Australian Convicts in Gould's Book of Fish Xu Yangzi (166)

Journal information

Sponsor: Central China Normal University Undertaker: School of Chinese Language and Literature，Central China Normal University Central China Normal University School of foreign languages Chief Editor: Su Hui Editor: Editorial Department the of study of foreign literature International issue: ISSN 1003-7519 Domestic issue: CN 42-1060/I

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Foreign Literature

Foreign Literature , founded in 1980, has the longest history and the biggest influence among professional academic publications in the foreign literature research in China. Editors of the journal are researchers from the Institute of Foreign Literature, Beijing Foreign Studies University, and the editorial board is comprised of renowned scholars from home and abroad.  

The journal conducts anonymous peer review. Famous scholars including Wang Zuoliang and Hu Wenzhong have served as its editor-in-chief, and the current editor-in-chief is Professor Jin Li. 

With foreign literature researchers and enthusiasts as its main readers, the journal pays extensive attention to the languages and literature of various nationalities around the world, introduces the trends of foreign writers and their works and researches and develops critical theory. It publishes the latest results of foreign literature research, and promotes academic dialogue among different countries, regions and cultures.

The journal advocates in-depth research and new explorations, adheres to its literary nature, pursues an open, accurate, and concise style of writing, and is committed to creating a flourishing, lively academic atmosphere.

It is now a bimonthly magazine with columns such as Review, Theory, Cultural Research, and Book Reviews. In addition, it is a Chinese core journal, a source journal of the Chinese Social Science Citation Index (CSSCI), and a level-A core journal of AMI Comprehensive Evaluation of Chinese Humanities and Social Sciences Journals. It hosts a national academic seminar every year.

International subscription is made through China International Book Trading Corporation, 35 West ChegongzhuangRoad, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.

Manuscripts must adhere to MLA Style. Submission: http://wgwxqk.cbpt.cnki.net

Editorial correspondence should be addressed to Foreign Literature, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing100089, China. Tel.: 86-10-88816730; Email: [email protected]

East Campus: No 2 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China West Campus: No 19 Xisanhuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China

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“traditional china: a closer distant view”a sinological summer school in sain, 11th annual conference on asian studies: commemorating october 1917: re-thinking, invitation to apply to the eacs summer school “hidden in plain sight: materiali, challenges and chances for sustainable water management in china, summer courses in chinese literature, literary translation and language, international conference on “confucian canon studies (jingxue 經學), literary, ii international workshop on chinese migration in spain, politics,foreign policy and political economy of contemporary china, ii seminario internacional sobre migraciones chinas en españa, first annual graduate student workshop -“canonical texts and commentaries” in, recommended articles, what is world literature: tracing the origins of “world literature” and refl, the self shrouded in fog: the layers of my ethics in the novel a trip to moojin, ai turn in ethical literary criticism, rethinking ethical identity in the age of artificial intelligence, the “transformation” of ethical cognition in a chaotic world: an analysis of, jude’s ethical choice and identity construction in jude the obscure, marginalized subjective, counterfactual narrative, and multiple temporal shapes:, the completion of the compilation and interpretation of the zuo commentary by so, the common culture as a way out of cultural crises: the idea of culture revisite, tracing the path of translation: xu jun’s journey in translation and translati, isl 文学跨学科研究.

Interdisciplinary Studies of Literature (“ISL”) is an international peer-reviewed journal edited by Professor Nie Zhenzhao, and published by Knowledge Hub Publishing Company Limited (Hong Kong).

Interdisciplinary Studies of Literature

Interdisciplinary Studies of Literature (“ISL”) is a peer-reviewed journal sponsored by the Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies of World Literature (Zhejiang University) and published by Knowledge Hub Publishing Company (Hong Kong) in collaboration with the International Conference for Ethical Literary Criticism. With a strategic focus on literary, ethical, historical and interdisciplinary approaches, ISL encourages dialogues between literature and other disciplines of humanities, aiming to establish an international platform for scholars to exchange their innovative views that stimulate critical interdisciplinary discussions. ISL publishes four issues each year in both Chinese and English.

International Conference for Ethical Literary Criticism (ICELC, since 2012) is an annual international conference for academics and research-oriented scholars in the area of literature and related disciplines. ICELC is the flagship conference of the International Association for Ethical Literary Criticism which is an international literary and cultural organization aiming to link all those working in ethical literarym criticism in theory and practice and to encourage the discussions of ethical function and value in literary works and criticism.

Interdisciplinary Studies of Literature is registered with ISSN 2520-4920, and is indexed by Arts and Humanities Citation Index. It is also included in EBSCO, MLA International Bibliography and Annual Bibliography of English Language and Literature.

文学跨学科研究 Interdisciplinary Studies of Literature

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Home > JOURNAL > Vol. 33 > No. 3 (2013)

Meta-theoretical Procedure of Foreign Literature Research: An Approach to the Science of Foreign Literature

The paper suggests the concept of a discipline of "the Science of Foreign Literature Study" and claims that such a discipline may be constructed from a trans-theoretical standpoint. The paper argues that the various methodologies and theories introduced into Chinese literary researches should be integrated so as to investigate the general formational principles behind the symbolic system of "foreign literature." This argument is attempted by bypassing all the methodological debates and then is made from the perspective of the double duality between the real vs. the imaginary and the self vs. the other in the sign system of foreign literature. This approach aims to explore the primary procedure by which foreign literature unfolds itself in the space of consciousness and its natural connection with the pulse of life, and it hopes to demonstrate the theoretical conception of "double midpoint" and the reflection on Chinese cultural standpoint.

Recommended Citation

Fan, Jin. 2013. "Meta-theoretical Procedure of Foreign Literature Research: An Approach to the Science of Foreign Literature." Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art 33, (3): pp.81-89. https://tsla.researchcommons.org/journal/vol33/iss3/10

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Global citation database provides access to the Science Citation Index expanded from 1900 to the present, Social Sciences Citation Index from 1956 to the present, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index from 1975 to the present.

A scholarly, multidisciplinary database that provides access to journal articles covering a range of topics, including archaeology, area studies, astronomy, biology, chemistry, civil engineering, electrical engineering, ethnic & multicultural studies, food science & technology, general science, geography, geology, law, mathematics, mechanical engineering, music, physics, psychology, religion & theology, women's studies, and other fields. It also indexes monographs, reports, and conference proceedings.

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German Criticism

For a complete list of databases available for German Literature Criticism, please visit the German Library Subject Guide .  Below are the most common databases used for German scholarship.

• Periodicals Index Online (PIO)** Indexes articles published in thousands of periodicals in the arts, humanities and social sciences from 1770 to 1995. International in scope, and includes journals in English, German, Italian, Spanish, and other Western languages.
• Bertolt Brecht’s Werke ** This edition is based on Bertolt Brecht - AusgewÄhlte Werke in sechs BÄnden - JubilÄumsausgabe um 100. Geburtstag, edited by Werner Hecht, Wolfgang Jeske and Jan Knopf.
• Die Deutsche Lyrik (DDL) ** The electronic version of Die Deutsche Lyrik in Reclams Universal-Bibliothek covers almost 500 years of German lyric poetry and includes the work of over 500 authors from the 15th to the 20th century.
• Digitale Bibliothek Deutscher Klassiker (Digital Library of German Classics) ** The DBDK contains all of the works in the Deutscher Klassiker Verlag printed editions except works by Schiller, Goethe, and Wieland. The database is a premier collection of literary and non-literary German writing. All of the texts in the DBDK have been newly edited by leading international scholars and are accompanied by extensive commentaries. The database holds 31 single-author editions.
• Goethes Werke ** Contains the complete text of the 143 volumes of the Weimar Edition. Every word of Goethe’s literary and scientific works, his diaries and his letters from the Weimar Edition is included, as are all illustrations, notes, variants and indexes from the published volumes.
• Kafkas Werke ** Complete works based on Franz Kafka Kritische Ausgabe, Schriften und Tagebücher (S. Fischer Verlag), of which the first volume was published in 1982.
• Schiller’s Werke ** Complete works of Schiller based on the Nationalausgabe edition (begun in 1940) containing his works, letters and conversations.

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• Cairn Online Journal Provides comprehensive collection of publications in the French language available online in full text in the disciplines of economics, law, history and geography, literature and linguistics, psychology, education, political science, sociology, and sport.
• Pascal and Francis Bibliographic Databases Covers a wide range of multilingual, multidisciplinary information in the humanities, sciences, and economics. International in scope, it is strong in literature. Emphasis on trends in European and world literature. Coverage: 1984- 2015.
• Gallica (Bibliotheque Nationale de France) This massive digitization project of the French national library makes available electronic texts in French literature, history and culture ranging from the Middle ages to the nineteenth century. Texts are in PDF format.

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For a complete list of databases available for Spanish/Latin American Literature Criticism, please visit the  Spanish & Portugeuse Library Subject Guide . Below are the most common databases used for Spanish and Latin American scholarship.

• HAPI Online Web version of the Hispanic American Periodicals Index. Covers Central and South America, Mexico, the Caribbean basin, the U.S.-Mexico border region, and Hispanics in the U.S. 1970-present. From UCLA.
• HLAS (English Interface) Volumes 1 (1936) - 49 (1989)
• HLAS (English Interface) Volume 50 (1990) - present
• TESO: Teatro español del siglo de oro** Contains the full text of more than 800 Spanish dramatic works from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
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• How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates

How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates

Published on January 2, 2023 by Shona McCombes . Revised on September 11, 2023.

What is a literature review? A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic. It provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research that you can later apply to your paper, thesis, or dissertation topic .

There are five key steps to writing a literature review:

• Search for relevant literature
• Evaluate sources
• Identify themes, debates, and gaps
• Outline the structure
• Write your literature review

A good literature review doesn’t just summarize sources—it analyzes, synthesizes , and critically evaluates to give a clear picture of the state of knowledge on the subject.

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Table of contents

What is the purpose of a literature review, examples of literature reviews, step 1 – search for relevant literature, step 2 – evaluate and select sources, step 3 – identify themes, debates, and gaps, step 4 – outline your literature review’s structure, step 5 – write your literature review, free lecture slides, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions, introduction.

• Quick Run-through
• Step 1 & 2

When you write a thesis , dissertation , or research paper , you will likely have to conduct a literature review to situate your research within existing knowledge. The literature review gives you a chance to:

• Demonstrate your familiarity with the topic and its scholarly context
• Develop a theoretical framework and methodology for your research
• Position your work in relation to other researchers and theorists
• Show how your research addresses a gap or contributes to a debate
• Evaluate the current state of research and demonstrate your knowledge of the scholarly debates around your topic.

Writing literature reviews is a particularly important skill if you want to apply for graduate school or pursue a career in research. We’ve written a step-by-step guide that you can follow below.

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Writing literature reviews can be quite challenging! A good starting point could be to look at some examples, depending on what kind of literature review you’d like to write.

• Example literature review #1: “Why Do People Migrate? A Review of the Theoretical Literature” ( Theoretical literature review about the development of economic migration theory from the 1950s to today.)
• Example literature review #2: “Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines” ( Methodological literature review about interdisciplinary knowledge acquisition and production.)
• Example literature review #3: “The Use of Technology in English Language Learning: A Literature Review” ( Thematic literature review about the effects of technology on language acquisition.)
• Example literature review #4: “Learners’ Listening Comprehension Difficulties in English Language Learning: A Literature Review” ( Chronological literature review about how the concept of listening skills has changed over time.)

You can also check out our templates with literature review examples and sample outlines at the links below.

Download Word doc Download Google doc

Before you begin searching for literature, you need a clearly defined topic .

If you are writing the literature review section of a dissertation or research paper, you will search for literature related to your research problem and questions .

Make a list of keywords

Start by creating a list of keywords related to your research question. Include each of the key concepts or variables you’re interested in, and list any synonyms and related terms. You can add to this list as you discover new keywords in the process of your literature search.

• Social media, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, TikTok
• Body image, self-perception, self-esteem, mental health
• Generation Z, teenagers, adolescents, youth

Search for relevant sources

Use your keywords to begin searching for sources. Some useful databases to search for journals and articles include:

• Your university’s library catalogue
• Google Scholar
• Project Muse (humanities and social sciences)
• Medline (life sciences and biomedicine)
• EconLit (economics)
• Inspec (physics, engineering and computer science)

You can also use boolean operators to help narrow down your search.

Make sure to read the abstract to find out whether an article is relevant to your question. When you find a useful book or article, you can check the bibliography to find other relevant sources.

You likely won’t be able to read absolutely everything that has been written on your topic, so it will be necessary to evaluate which sources are most relevant to your research question.

For each publication, ask yourself:

• What question or problem is the author addressing?
• What are the key concepts and how are they defined?
• What are the key theories, models, and methods?
• Does the research use established frameworks or take an innovative approach?
• What are the results and conclusions of the study?
• How does the publication relate to other literature in the field? Does it confirm, add to, or challenge established knowledge?
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the research?

Make sure the sources you use are credible , and make sure you read any landmark studies and major theories in your field of research.

You can use our template to summarize and evaluate sources you’re thinking about using. Click on either button below to download.

Take notes and cite your sources

As you read, you should also begin the writing process. Take notes that you can later incorporate into the text of your literature review.

It is important to keep track of your sources with citations to avoid plagiarism . It can be helpful to make an annotated bibliography , where you compile full citation information and write a paragraph of summary and analysis for each source. This helps you remember what you read and saves time later in the process.

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To begin organizing your literature review’s argument and structure, be sure you understand the connections and relationships between the sources you’ve read. Based on your reading and notes, you can look for:

• Trends and patterns (in theory, method or results): do certain approaches become more or less popular over time?
• Themes: what questions or concepts recur across the literature?
• Debates, conflicts and contradictions: where do sources disagree?
• Pivotal publications: are there any influential theories or studies that changed the direction of the field?
• Gaps: what is missing from the literature? Are there weaknesses that need to be addressed?

This step will help you work out the structure of your literature review and (if applicable) show how your own research will contribute to existing knowledge.

• Most research has focused on young women.
• There is an increasing interest in the visual aspects of social media.
• But there is still a lack of robust research on highly visual platforms like Instagram and Snapchat—this is a gap that you could address in your own research.

There are various approaches to organizing the body of a literature review. Depending on the length of your literature review, you can combine several of these strategies (for example, your overall structure might be thematic, but each theme is discussed chronologically).

Chronological

The simplest approach is to trace the development of the topic over time. However, if you choose this strategy, be careful to avoid simply listing and summarizing sources in order.

Try to analyze patterns, turning points and key debates that have shaped the direction of the field. Give your interpretation of how and why certain developments occurred.

If you have found some recurring central themes, you can organize your literature review into subsections that address different aspects of the topic.

For example, if you are reviewing literature about inequalities in migrant health outcomes, key themes might include healthcare policy, language barriers, cultural attitudes, legal status, and economic access.

Methodological

If you draw your sources from different disciplines or fields that use a variety of research methods , you might want to compare the results and conclusions that emerge from different approaches. For example:

• Look at what results have emerged in qualitative versus quantitative research
• Discuss how the topic has been approached by empirical versus theoretical scholarship
• Divide the literature into sociological, historical, and cultural sources

Theoretical

A literature review is often the foundation for a theoretical framework . You can use it to discuss various theories, models, and definitions of key concepts.

You might argue for the relevance of a specific theoretical approach, or combine various theoretical concepts to create a framework for your research.

Like any other academic text , your literature review should have an introduction , a main body, and a conclusion . What you include in each depends on the objective of your literature review.

The introduction should clearly establish the focus and purpose of the literature review.

Depending on the length of your literature review, you might want to divide the body into subsections. You can use a subheading for each theme, time period, or methodological approach.

As you write, you can follow these tips:

• Summarize and synthesize: give an overview of the main points of each source and combine them into a coherent whole
• Analyze and interpret: don’t just paraphrase other researchers — add your own interpretations where possible, discussing the significance of findings in relation to the literature as a whole
• Critically evaluate: mention the strengths and weaknesses of your sources
• Write in well-structured paragraphs: use transition words and topic sentences to draw connections, comparisons and contrasts

In the conclusion, you should summarize the key findings you have taken from the literature and emphasize their significance.

When you’ve finished writing and revising your literature review, don’t forget to proofread thoroughly before submitting. Not a language expert? Check out Scribbr’s professional proofreading services !

This article has been adapted into lecture slides that you can use to teach your students about writing a literature review.

Scribbr slides are free to use, customize, and distribute for educational purposes.

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If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
• Cognitive bias
• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources (such as books, journal articles, and theses) related to a specific topic or research question .

It is often written as part of a thesis, dissertation , or research paper , in order to situate your work in relation to existing knowledge.

There are several reasons to conduct a literature review at the beginning of a research project:

• To familiarize yourself with the current state of knowledge on your topic
• To ensure that you’re not just repeating what others have already done
• To identify gaps in knowledge and unresolved problems that your research can address
• To develop your theoretical framework and methodology
• To provide an overview of the key findings and debates on the topic

Writing the literature review shows your reader how your work relates to existing research and what new insights it will contribute.

The literature review usually comes near the beginning of your thesis or dissertation . After the introduction , it grounds your research in a scholarly field and leads directly to your theoretical framework or methodology .

A literature review is a survey of credible sources on a topic, often used in dissertations , theses, and research papers . Literature reviews give an overview of knowledge on a subject, helping you identify relevant theories and methods, as well as gaps in existing research. Literature reviews are set up similarly to other  academic texts , with an introduction , a main body, and a conclusion .

An  annotated bibliography is a list of  source references that has a short description (called an annotation ) for each of the sources. It is often assigned as part of the research process for a  paper .  

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

McCombes, S. (2023, September 11). How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved September 23, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/literature-review/

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The recent global energy crisis scenario echoes the past, and the vulnerability of traditional fuels remains the proximate cause of environmental degradation. The fundamental changes in mobilising finance resources are predominant in an energy transition. So, acknowledging finance and energy transition via financial and environmental technology is necessary to meet sustainable development goals. Accordingly, this study employs panel econometric models to investigate how financial resources can ensure the production of renewable energy and environmental protection in 38 OECD member nations over a time period from 2000 to 2021. The empirical finding shows that foreign direct investment and financial technology ameliorate environmental performance by alleviating CO 2 emissions. Environmental technologies positively impact environmental protection by eliminating CO 2 emissions. The financial resources ensure renewable energy production and environmental protection by reducing the environmental externalities and encouraging renewable energy consumption. Similarly, the consumption of renewable energy catalyses environmental improvement. Economic globalisation spurs environmental externalities. The D-H causality test also shows a reciprocal movement from environmental performance to financial technology, environmental technology and renewable energy consumption. The study’s outcomes offer a new model of insight for governments as well as financial and energy policymakers to protect the environment. Enable sustainable development in OECD countries by empowering financial innovation through fintech and incentivising environmental technology to increase renewable energy production.

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Appendix. Graphical representation of the variables

Figures  1 , 2 , 3 and 4 elucidate the mainstream tendencies observed in OECD nations. In the OECD nations, CO 2 emissions have declined from 10.73 (metric tons per capita) in 2000 to 7.72 (metric tons per capita) in 2020. Renewable energy consumption has increased from 7.85 (% of final energy consumption) in 2000 to 14.9 (% of final energy consumption) in 2020. Similarly, the environmental performance index and economic globalisation index show positive growth in the OECD nations.

A graphical representation of the variable CO 2 emission

A graphical representation of the variable environmental performance index

A graphical representation of the variable Economic globalisation index

A graphical representation of the variable renewable energy consumption

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Afroz, S., Raghutla, C. Do various financial resources ensure renewable energy production and environmental protection in OECD countries: modelling for insight. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-34995-z

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Received : 10 January 2024

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-34995-z

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