essay on odisha culture in punjabi language

Odisha Culture – Culture of Odisha History, Tradition and Heritage

Table of Contents

History of Odisha Culture

The history of Odisha and Odisha culture is a journey that spans centuries. Odisha, located on the eastern coast of India, boasts a rich and diverse cultural heritage . Odisha culture has been influenced by dynasties like the Mauryas , Guptas , and Gajapatis . The state is renowned for its ancient temples, including the iconic Jagannath Temple in Puri. art and culture of Odisha is characterized by Odisha festival, such as Ratha Yatra and Durga Puja , and odisha culture art Odisha festival forms like Pattachitra . The Odia Cuisine , including delectable Odia dishes , reflects its unique identity. The tribal culture of Odisha add to the cultural tapestry with their traditions and craftsmanship.

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Culture of Odisha

Odisha culture is a rich tapestry encompassing art, traditional culture of Odisha , and cultural heritage of Odisha . Influenced by its illustrious history, this state showcases a diverse cultural heritage, including the classical dance form Odissi and the intricate Pattachitra art. Festivals of Odisha like Ratha Yatra and Durga Puja are celebrated with great fervor, reflecting the vibrant cultural scene. Odia cuisine is a delightful journey for food enthusiasts, with unique Odia dishes to savor. The tribal culture of Odisha adds depth to its cultural diversity. Visitors can explore historic sites, such as the iconic Jagannath Temple and the serene Marine Drive in Puri, making Odisha’s culture truly captivatin.

Culture of Odisha is a captivating blend of traditions and artistic expressions, deeply rooted in its cultural heritage. With landmarks like the Jagannath Temple and the Konark Sun Temple , Odisha’s historical legacy is prominent. It features classical dance forms like Odissi, intricate Pattachitra art, and vibrant festivals such as Ratha Yatra. Exploring its cuisine, which includes delectable Odia dishes, is a culinary journey. Additionally, Odisha’s tribal communities contribute to its unique culture with their customs and craftsmanship. This multifaceted culture is a captivating and enriching experience for enthusiasts and visitors alike.

Festivals of Odisha

The festivals of Odisha , deeply rooted in its cultural heritage, showcase a rich tapestry of traditions and artistic expressions. One of the most iconic festivals is Ratha Yatra, where enormous chariots carry deities through the streets of Puri, drawing devotees and tourists alike. Durga Puja, Diwali, and Holi are celebrated with great enthusiasm, adding vibrant colors to the cultural landscape. Odisha’s festivals also feature classical dance performances like Odissi and traditional music, which resonate with the state’s artistic spirit. These celebrations offer a captivating glimpse into the heart of Odisha’s culture, where ancient traditions meet modern enthusiasm.

• Ratha Yatra : Ratha Yatra is one of Odisha’s most celebrated festivals, where massive chariots carry deities, including Lord Jagannath, through the streets of Puri. It’s a grand procession drawing devotees and tourists from all over.
• Prathamashtami : Prathamashtami is a unique festival in Odisha, dedicated to the firstborn child. Families celebrate their eldest child’s achievements and offer prayers for their well-being.
• Rajo : Rajo is a popular festival, especially among Odia women. It celebrates fertility and womanhood, and people indulge in various traditional games and delicious treats during this time.
• Durga Puja : Durga Puja is observed with great fervor, honoring the goddess Durga. Elaborate pandals are set up, and cultural performances are organized during this festival.

These festivals add color and vibrancy to Odisha’s cultural calendar, each with its unique significance and customs.

Culture of Kerala

Clothing of Odisha

The traditional dress in Odisha is a colorful tapestry of art and culture of Odisha that weaves together the state’s cultural diversity and heritage. The iconic “Sambalpuri Saree,” representing Odisha’s art and culture, is a masterpiece of artistry with intricate patterns and vivid hues, adorning women on various occasions. Men, on the other hand, often don traditional attire such as dhotis and kurtas, reflecting simplicity and elegance.

What makes Odisha culture dress even more fascinating is the clothing of its tribal communities. Each tribe has its unique style, characterized by tribal motifs and a kaleidoscope of colors. These traditional outfits are not merely garments but living symbols of Odisha’s rich culture, preserving age-old traditions and celebrating the state’s cultural heritage.

The art and culture of Odisha are not confined to clothing alone. It extends to various elements such as festivals, temples, dance forms like Odissi, and the unique Pattachitra art. The Jagannath Temple, Ratha Yatra, and Utkala Dibasa (Odisha Day) are integral parts of the cultural mosaic, reflecting the deep-rooted spirituality and festive fervor that define Odisha’s cultural landscape. The state’s rich tapestry is further enriched by its traditional cuisine, handicrafts, and historical sites, including the iconic Konark Sun Temple and the scenic Marine Drive in Puri.

The traditional dress in Odisha, represented by the Sambalpuri Saree and tribal attires, stands as a vibrant expression of the state’s commitment to preserving its unique cultural identity.

Arts Culture of Odisha

The arts and culture of Odisha are a vibrant tapestry that reflects the rich heritage and traditions of this eastern Indian state. The cultural landscape of Odisha encompasses a diverse array of art forms, traditional practices, and festivals, making it a treasure trove for enthusiasts and scholars alike.

One of the pillars of Odisha’s cultural heritage is its distinctive dance form, Odissi . Renowned for its graceful movements and intricate expressions, Odissi dance has deep roots in the religious traditions of the state. Performances often depict mythological stories, and the dance is characterized by fluid movements and elaborate costumes that add to its aesthetic appeal.

Pattachitra , a traditional form of scroll painting, is another jewel in Odisha’s artistic crown. This intricate art form often narrates stories from Hindu mythology and is characterized by vibrant colors and meticulous detailing. The skillful artisans of Odisha continue to keep this tradition alive, producing exquisite Pattachitra artworks that are admired both locally and internationally.

The Jagannath Temple in Puri is a significant religious and cultural landmark in Odisha. The annual Ratha Yatra , or chariot festival, attracts millions of devotees and tourists alike. The temple is a symbol of Odisha’s deep-rooted spiritual culture and serves as a focal point for religious and cultural celebrations.

The state’s culinary heritage, Odia Cuisine , is a delightful journey for the taste buds. From the aromatic Dalma (a lentil and vegetable dish) to the delectable Rasagulla (a sweet delicacy), Odisha’s cuisine is a reflection of its diverse cultural influences.

Tribal communities play a vital role in shaping the cultural mosaic of Odisha. The tribal culture of Odisha is characterized by unique art, music, dance, and rituals that distinguish each community. The Bhitarkanika National Park provides a glimpse into the traditional lifestyle of these tribal communities and their harmonious coexistence with nature.

Sambalpuri Saree , with its vibrant colors and ikat patterns, is a celebrated traditional attire of Odisha. The craftsmanship involved in making these sarees has been passed down through generations, contributing to the rich textile heritage of the state.

In the realm of music, Odisha boasts a diverse range of folk and classical genres. Odissi music , accompanied by traditional instruments, captivates audiences with its melodic tunes. Additionally, Chhau Dance , a traditional martial dance, adds a dynamic and energetic dimension to Odisha’s cultural repertoire.

The state’s festivals, including the grand celebration of Utkala Dibasa (Odisha Day) , showcase the resilience and spirit of its people. Cuttack Silver Filigree , an ancient craft, reflects the fine metalwork skills of Odisha’s artisans, creating intricate jewelry and artifacts.

Odisha’s commitment to preserving its cultural heritage is also evident in its historical sites, such as the Konark Sun Temple and the Marine Drive in Puri , which provide a glimpse into the architectural brilliance of ancient times.

Culture of Assam

Food of Odisha

The food of Odisha is a delightful culinary journey that reflects the diverse and rich gastronomic traditions of this eastern Indian state. Known for its unique flavors and variety, Odia cuisine is a testament to the state’s cultural diversity and culinary expertise.

Odia Cuisine is characterized by a harmonious blend of spices and locally sourced ingredients. One of the staples is the aromatic and flavorful Dalma , a lentil and vegetable dish that exemplifies the balance of taste and nutrition. Another iconic dish is the delectable Rasagulla , a sweet delicacy that originated in Odisha and has gained international acclaim.

The cuisine also features a variety of savory snacks, with the Pakhala being a popular choice. This dish consists of fermented rice soaked in water and served with accompaniments like pickles and fried fish, making it a refreshing and traditional summer delight.

Seafood holds a special place in Odia cuisine, given the state’s extensive coastline. The Chingudi Jhola (prawn curry) and Macha Ghanta (fish curry) are savory examples of the coastal influence on Odisha’s culinary offerings.

The state is also known for its unique desserts, such as Chhena Poda , a scrumptious baked cheese dessert that has a caramelized outer layer. This sweet treat is a favorite during festivals and celebrations.

Odia cuisine celebrates a wide array of vegetable-based dishes, and Puri Sabji is a classic example. It consists of deep-fried bread (puri) paired with a variety of spiced vegetable curries, creating a flavorful and satisfying combination.

The traditional use of mustard oil and panch phoron (five spice blend) in cooking gives Odia dishes a distinctive taste. The emphasis on locally grown ingredients and seasonal produce adds a fresh and authentic dimension to the culinary experience.

Odia cuisine also boasts a variety of street food options, including the famous Dahibara Aloodum , a spicy and tangy dish featuring fried lentil dumplings soaked in yogurt and served with spicy potato curry.

In addition to its delectable taste, Odia cuisine is an integral part of the cultural fabric, often playing a central role in festivals, celebrations, and family gatherings. The culinary heritage of Odisha reflects the warmth and hospitality of its people, making every meal a celebration of tradition and flavor.

Temples in Odisha

The temples in Odisha stand as magnificent architectural marvels, each telling a tale of spirituality, history, and cultural richness. With a legacy deeply rooted in religious traditions, these temples are not only places of worship but also significant landmarks that attract devotees and tourists alike.

At the heart of this spiritual journey is the Jagannath Temple in Puri, a colossal symbol of devotion and artistic grandeur. This iconic temple, host to the annual Ratha Yatra , is a testament to the deeply ingrained religious traditions that form the core of Odisha’s culture and tradition .

Another gem is the Konark Sun Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that stands as a beacon of odisha culture . Its intricate design and symbolic depictions not only pay homage to the divine but also reflect the artistic finesse that defines the region’s cultural identity.

As you explore these temples scattered across Odisha, you can witness the living expressions of odisha culture dress and traditional attire, including the graceful Sambalpuri Saree . The air is often filled with the enchanting melodies of Odisha Folk Music , adding a musical layer to the spiritual ambiance.

Beyond the stone walls, these temples are gateways to an immersive experience of Pattachitra Art , an ancient form of storytelling through paintings that further enriches the art and culture of Odisha . The divine rhythms of Odissi Dance echo within these hallowed walls, showcasing the graceful dance form unique to the region.

Moreover, the temples become cultural landmarks, contributing to the festivities of various Odisha festivals , where traditions come alive with vibrant colors, resonant hymns, and fervent celebrations. The temple sites also serve as backdrops for the creation of intricate odisha culture drawing and the mesmerizing craft of Sand Art in Odisha .

As you traverse these sacred grounds, you become immersed in the profound cultural heritage of Odisha , where the past and the present coalesce in a harmonious dance. Temples in Odisha not only offer a glimpse into the spiritual roots of the region but also stand as timeless symbols of artistic brilliance and unwavering devotion.

Jagannath Temple

The iconic Jagannath Temple in Puri is a sacred pilgrimage site and one of the Char Dham pilgrimage destinations. Dedicated to Lord Jagannath, the temple is a masterpiece of Kalinga architecture. The annual Ratha Yatra (chariot festival) associated with this temple is a grand spectacle that draws millions of devotees from across the country.

Konark Sun Temple

The Konark Sun Temple , a UNESCO World Heritage Site , is another gem among the temples of Odisha. Built in the form of a colossal chariot dedicated to the Sun God, this temple is renowned for its intricate carvings and architectural brilliance. The temple complex is a testament to the artistic and engineering skills of ancient Odisha.

Lingaraja Temple

The Lingaraja Temple in Bhubaneswar is a masterpiece of Odishan architecture and a significant Shaivite shrine. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, the temple complex is adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures, showcasing the artistic prowess of the craftsmen of that era.

Rajarani Temple

The serene Rajarani Temple is known for its ornate sculptures and is often referred to as the “Love Temple” due to the depiction of amorous couples on its walls. It stands as a testimony to the artistic finesse of the Kalinga school of architecture.

Ananta Vasudeva Temple

Devotees also flock to the Ananta Vasudeva Temple in Bhubaneswar, dedicated to Lord Krishna. The temple is an architectural gem with its traditional Kalinga style and is an important pilgrimage site for followers of Vaishnavism.

Mukteshwar Temple

The Mukteshwar Temple , another architectural wonder, is characterized by its intricately carved torana (archway) and is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple is a fine example of early Orissan architecture and is known for its exquisite sculptures.

Bhaskareswar Temple

The spiritual landscape of Odisha also includes the Bhaskareswar Temple in Boudh, dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is known for its serene surroundings and attracts devotees seeking tranquility and spiritual solace.

Culture of Rajasthan

Oddisi Dance

Odissi Dance , a classical dance form originating from the sacred temples of Odisha, stands as a resplendent embodiment of the state’s cultural heritage. Rooted in tradition, this dance form is a mesmerizing tapestry of graceful movements, intricate expressions, and profound storytelling.

Characterized by its fluid and expressive nature, Odissi dance is a visual poetry that unfolds stories of mythology and spirituality. Dancers, adorned in vibrant traditional attire, move through intricate choreography that showcases a deep connection to the rich cultural traditions of Odisha.

The dance form is not merely a series of movements; it’s a sacred offering with roots in the devotional practices of the temples. The iconic Jagannath Temple in Puri holds a special place in the history of Odissi, as the dance was originally performed as a devotional ritual within the temple premises.

The distinctive features of Odissi include the use of the “Tribhangi” posture, symbolizing a three-part bend that creates a captivating and statuesque pose. This, coupled with intricate footwork and facial expressions known as “Abhinaya,” allows dancers to convey a myriad of emotions and narratives.

Over the centuries, stalwart gurus and practitioners have played a pivotal role in preserving and evolving the art of Odissi dance . The dance repertoire includes traditional compositions like “Bhramari” and “Pallavi,” showcasing technical brilliance, while “Abhinaya” pieces delve into the emotional depths of the stories being told.

Institutions dedicated to Odissi dance training play a crucial role in nurturing new talents and ensuring the continuity of this cultural legacy. The dance not only represents the artistic prowess of the performers but also serves as a bridge between the past and the present, connecting people to the cultural roots of Odisha.

Language of Odisha

The Odia language , also known as Odia or Oriya, is the linguistic heartbeat of the people of Odisha, playing a crucial role in preserving and expressing the cultural identity of the state. As one of the classical languages of India, Odia has a rich literary heritage and is deeply intertwined with the cultural and historical tapestry of the region.

he Odia script, a variation of the Brahmi script, is used for writing Odia and several other Eastern Indian languages. Over centuries, Odia literature has flourished, with poets like Jayadeva , renowned for the epic “Gita Govinda,” contributing significantly to the cultural landscape.

During the British colonial period, the Utkala Deepika newspaper played a crucial role in the linguistic and cultural renaissance, promoting Odia language and fostering a sense of identity. The Bhasha Andolan (Language Movement) advocated for Odia as the official language, securing its recognition.

In recent times, initiatives like the Odia Virtual Academy use technology to promote and preserve the language. This includes digitizing classical Odia texts and providing online learning platforms, ensuring the linguistic heritage thrives in the digital age.

More than a means of communication, the Odia language is a repository of cultural nuances, expressions, and sentiments, serving as a bridge between generations. Celebrated on Utkala Dibasa (Odisha Day) , it reflects the resilience and pride of the people in their language and culture.

Culture of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Crafts of Odisha

The crafts of Odisha stand as a testament to the state’s rich cultural heritage, showcasing a remarkable blend of traditional artistry and skilled craftsmanship. From intricate handwoven textiles to vibrant paintings, Odisha’s crafts are an integral part of its diverse cultural tapestry.

Pattachitra Art , a traditional form of scroll painting, captures the essence of Odisha’s artistic prowess. The use of vivid colors and meticulous detailing in Pattachitra narrates stories from Hindu mythology and reflects the cultural depth of the region.

The state is renowned for its exquisite handicrafts , ranging from finely crafted silver filigree in Cuttack to the vibrant and artistic Sambalpuri sarees. Each piece tells a story of cultural significance, with the artisans’ skill passed down through generations.

Tribal Culture of Odisha

The tribal cultures of Odisha add a unique and diverse dimension to the Odisha culture and tradition. The tribal communities, with their distinct art, music, and dance forms, contribute to the rich cultural diversity of Odisha.

Tribal communities of Odisha, people speak their own languages and wear traditional attire that reflects their identity. The air is filled with the rhythmic beats of tribal music, telling stories of their ancestors and creating a lively atmosphere.

Artistic expression is a way of life for these tribes, seen in the intricate designs on their clothing and the lively tribal dance forms that showcase their history and beliefs. Their festivals are a joyous celebration, bringing the entire community together with rituals, dances, and delicious traditional cuisines.

The odisha culture gains depth and diversity from these tribal communities. They are like guardians of a cultural heritage, preserving ancient traditions while embracing the modern world.

In places like the Bhitarkanika National Park , one can witness the harmonious coexistence of tribal communities with nature. The traditional lifestyle, marked by unique rituals and practices, provides a glimpse into the cultural richness of Odisha’s tribal heritage.

Music in Odisha

Music in Odisha is a soul-stirring journey that echoes the cultural vibrancy of the state. From the classical tunes of Odissi music to the energetic beats of Chhau dance , Odisha’s musical landscape is diverse and captivating.

The state’s folk music, rooted in tradition, adds a melodic charm to its cultural identity. The rhythmic tunes resonate with the spirit of the people, making music an integral part of Odisha’s cultural expression.

Historic Sites in Odisha

Odisha’s landscape is adorned with historic sites that bear witness to the glorious past of the region. The Konark Sun Temple , a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a marvel of architecture, showcasing the cultural and artistic brilliance of ancient Odisha.

The Jagannath Temple in Puri is not only a significant religious site but also a historical landmark that attracts millions during the annual Ratha Yatra . These sites embody the cultural and religious history of Odisha.

Religion in Odisha

Religion in Odisha is deeply interwoven with its cultural fabric. The Jagannath Temple is a symbol of the state’s religious identity, and the annual Ratha Yatra is a grand celebration that draws devotees from across the country.

Utkala Dibasa (Odisha Day) is a significant occasion that commemorates the formation of the state and reflects the religious and cultural pride of the people. The cultural and religious festivals of Odisha play a pivotal role in shaping the collective identity of its residents.

Places to Visit in Odisha

From the serene Marine Drive in Puri to the architectural marvels of the Konark Sun Temple , Odisha offers a plethora of enchanting places to explore. The state’s diverse cultural heritage is on display at every turn, making it a fascinating destination for travelers seeking a blend of history, art, and natural beauty.

Whether exploring the tribal villages near Bhitarkanika National Park or witnessing the grandeur of the Ratha Yatra in Puri, visitors can immerse themselves in the cultural richness that defines Odisha. Each place tells a story, adding a chapter to the vibrant cultural narrative of this eastern Indian state.

10 Lines about Odisha Culture

• Odisha culture is known for its rich heritage and diverse traditions.
• It encompasses classical dance forms like Odissi and vibrant folk dances.
• Pattachitra, an intricate art form, is a hallmark of Odisha’s culture.
• The state celebrates numerous festivals, with Ratha Yatra being iconic.
• Odia cuisine offers a delectable range of dishes, including seafood delights.
• Traditional clothing like the Sambalpuri Saree adds color to everyday life.
• Tribal communities in Odisha have their unique customs and crafts.
• The Jagannath Temple in Puri is a spiritual and cultural center.
• Odia literature and music contribute to the cultural tapestry.
• Overall, Odisha culture is a vibrant blend of art, tradition, and spirituality.

FAQs on Culture of Odisha

What is the culture in odisha.

Odisha's culture is a vibrant tapestry woven with ancient traditions, diverse art forms like Pattachitra, and colorful festivals like Ratha Yatra.

What makes Odisha famous for?

Odisha is famous for its ancient temples, including the iconic Jagannath Temple, intricate artistry like Sand Art, and unique tribal cultures.

What is the gem of Odisha culture?

The gem of Odisha's culture is the enchanting Odissi Dance, a classical form that embodies grace, tradition, and storytelling through movement.

What is unique in Odisha?

Odisha is unique for its blend of ancient heritage, diverse tribal cultures, and landmarks like the Konark Sun Temple, showcasing artistic brilliance.

What is Odisha famously called?

Odisha is famously known as the Soul of India, a title that reflects its deep-rooted cultural heritage and spiritual significance.

What is the main festival of Odisha?

The main festival of Odisha is the grand and lively Ratha Yatra, where deities are taken on chariots, symbolizing a unique cultural spectacle.

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What is the difference between Punjab and Odisha culture?

What is the difference between food in odisha and punjab, what is the main culture of odisha, how punjabi culture is different from other cultures, what is the unique culture of punjab, punjab india vs punjab pakistan | punjab pakistan vs punjab india | comparison | data duck 2.o.

What are the similarities between culture of Odisha and Punjab?

What is the difference between punjabi and odisha clothes, are punjabis pakistani or indian, what is the main culture of punjab, what is the dance of punjab and odisha, what is special about odisha culture, why is odisha called soul of india, what are odisha people known for, what is the difference between punjab and odisha music, what is the most eaten food in odisha, what is the difference between punjab and odisha agriculture, what food is popular in punjabi culture, what is punjab famous food.

• Butter Chicken. It's arguably the most popular Punjabi dish. ...
• Malai Lassi. Punjabis take pride in their lassi, and it is made in every household and every restaurant in Punjab. ...
• Chole Bhature. These two are a match made in heaven. ...
• Paratha. ...
• Dal Makhani. ...
• Amritsari Fish. ...
• Sarson da Saag. ...
• Makke di Roti.

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• Dhoti. Dhoti, which is worn in different religions, different places and on different occasions but in Odisha, it is very important for their people. ...
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What do people wear in Odisha culture?

Odia-Punjabi link stressed

BHUBANESWAR: The link between Odia and Punjabi communities in culture and language dates back to 16th century when Guru Nanak travelled to Puri to spread the cult of Bhakti and universalism of God. Punjabi community has continued to contribute a lot to Odisha’s economy and complemented the rich heritage of the State in ‘varied ways, said School and Mass Education Minister Debi Mishra.

Addressing the fourth Poorbi Bharti Punjabi Conference here on Sunday, Mishra said while language is the most essential mode of communication, mother tongue is the core component which helps in building character and personality of a human being.

Mishra hailed the efforts of Vice-Chancellor Punjabi University at Patiala Dr Jaspal Singh for spreading awareness about the importance of mother tongue among students

“We are looking forward to inculcate the best practices, innovation and research done by Punjabi University in the proposed Odia University which would come up in the State soon. The Patiala campus can guide us in preparing a roadmap for the first language-based University in Odisha,” the Minister added.

Speaking on the occasion, former Rajya Sabha member Bhupinder Singh said it has been proved by literary researches that one who has a command over mother tongue can sail smoothly in all walks of life. Among others, Head of Punjabi Department, Guru Nanak Dev University Dr Sukhvinder Singh Sangha, former police DG, Maharashtra PS Pasricha and chairman, Pal Heights Satpal Singh also spoke at the conference.

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Culture of Odisha – Explore the Varied and Ancient Heritage of Utkala Region

• Culture of Indian States

Table of contents

History of odisha, languageof odisha, traditional dress of odisha, arts and crafts of odisha, architecture of odisha, religion of odisha, music and dance of odisha, festivals of odisha, cuisine of odisha, tourism of odisha, occupation of odisha.

Odisha is a cultural treasure trove, with ancient monuments, archaeological sites, indigenous arts, sculpture, dance, and music. It is the 8th largest state in terms of land and the 11th largest in terms of people. The state is home to India’s 3rd largest number of Scheduled Tribes. It is bordered on the north by West Bengal and Jharkhand , on the west by Chhattisgarh, on the south by Andhra Pradesh , and on the southwest by Telangana. Along the Bay of Bengal, Odisha has a 485-kilometre (301-mile) coastline. Utkala is another name for the region, which is featured in India’s national song “Jana Gana Mana.” Lets take a deep look in to the culture of Odisha and it’s heritage.

Odisha’s early history can be traced back to references in ancient literature such as the Mahabharata, Maha Govinda Sutta, and a few Puranas. Due to marine trade links, the region was also known to other kingdoms in the East Indies region. The land’s first occupants belonged to the Sabara tribe, which had its own culture. When the Aryans arrived in Odisha from the northeast, there was initially hostility between the two civilizations, but over time, reciprocal give and take resulted in cultural integration. Odisha is famous for being the birthplace of King Ashoka, who began to practice and preach Buddhism there.

The Sultanate of Bengal’s troops, headed by the iconoclast leader Kalapahad, captured the province in 1568 CE. The region’s political identity was shattered. The region’s subsequent rulers were more like tribute lords than true kings. For over a half-decade after 1751, the Marathas controlled the region. The region was ceded to the British Empire in 1803. The British partitioned the area into sections of various provinces. Odisha was established in 1936 as a province based on the population of Odia-speaking people.

Oriya is the most widely spoken language in the state and its outlying areas, and it is one of the country’s oldest languages with Sanskritic roots. It is spoken by approximately 84% of Orissa’s population. Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, and Telugu are commonly spoken and understood. Only a few educated people speak English.

Women in Odisha wear many varieties of saris, which enhances their natural beauty. Kataki Sari, Sambalpuri Sari and Salwar Kamiz are popular women’s outfits in Odisha. Dhoti is a popular traditional attire for males in Odisha. During the festival and other customary festivals, they also wear Kurta and Gamucha.

Suggested Read –  Traditional Dresses of Odisha Reflecting Culture of Odia People

Tarakasi, Odisha’s most distinctive and finest handcraft, is a type of silver filigree work popular in Cuttack. This highly accomplished art form dates back over 500 years and is expertly performed by local artists.

Pattachitra is a traditional painting based on Hindu mythology that is one of Odisha’s oldest and most popular art forms. Raghurajpur village in Puri is well-known for its artists, and it’s fascinating to note that practically every family has at least one member participating in the art form.

Palm Leaf Painting, also known as Talapatra Chitra in Odisha, is an old style of art. This is regarded as one of the sacred art forms in the state.

Odisha is also known for its sand sculptures. Sand Art is clearly one of the world-famous artworks that can be found in Puri, Odisha. In fact, the state conducts an International Sand Art Festival every year.

The appliqué work is a frequent thing in every dwelling, street, and shop in Pipli, a tiny village located near Puri. In the hamlet itself, visitors may watch the process of creating umbrellas and canopies, as well as see the finished products. Artists weave small mirrors on the applique motifs to make it more eye-catching!

Dokra is a very old style of craft that originated approximately 4500 years ago. It is currently done in many parts of Odisha but the craft is particularly famous in Dhenkanal. Many of its people use the lost wax process to create boxes, sculptures of Gods and Goddesses, and lamps.

The black stone sculpting art of Khiching in the Mayurbhanj area, which has a long history and a regal past, is one of the most well-known crafts. Khiching is also recognized for its spectacular temple of Maa Kichakeswari Devi, which attracts a large number of tourists because it is constructed entirely of black stone and is adorned with exquisite decorations that are unique to the state!

Most of Odisha’s arts have received international acclaim, and Papier Mache is one of them. The art involves the use of discarded cloth, natural fibers, and papers and is practiced in practically every region of the state.

Ikat , also known as Bandha, is a textile art form in which patterns are formed by dyeing cotton or silk before weaving the fabric. Though it is available in a variety of locations, Sambalpur is a popular destination for this type of art. While Ikat works may be found all over India, single ikat, double ikat, and a combination ikat of both warp and weft threads are very popular in Odisha.

Culture of Odisha is characterized by a plethora of temples and monuments. These temples are proof of the region’s beautiful architecture. The first monuments were constructed in the third century B.C. The lion capital of an Ashokan pillar, now in the State Museum, and the fragment of an Ashokan pillar, converted into a Shiva Lingam and ensconced in the Bhaskaresvara temple in Bhubaneswar, tell eloquently of Odisha’s previous splendor. The second phase of Odisha art is represented by the rock-cut caves of Khandagiri and Udaygiri, as well as inscriptions documenting Kharavela’s brief but eventful rule in the first century B.C. The Naga and Yaksha images discovered in Bhubaneswar are from the post-Kharavela period. During the seventh to thirteenth centuries A.D., Odisha was at the pinnacle of her creative grandeur, the Temple Architecture in Odisha. The temples of Orissa have a distinct design that has evolved through time to include a more complicated plan, highly ornamental plastic figurines, and higher sikharas.

The Sun Temple in Konark is the crowning achievement of the Orissa style. It is the last phase of temple construction in Orissa. It was constructed in the 13th century A.D. by Narsingha Deva of the Ganga Dynasty. It is known as the Black Pagoda and is dedicated to Surya, the Sun God. It portrays Time – the Sun God moving across the sky, shaped like a Ratha or chariot drawn by seven gorgeously caparisoned horses in motion. The temple’s outer walls are adorned with magnificent sculptures of dancers in various stances, musicians, lions, horses, elephants, and other animals depicting all aspects of life.

A ruler of the Ganga Dynasty built the Lingaraja temple in the 11th century AD. It has all of the characteristics of an Orissa temple. It has a vimana and a Garbha Griha and is enclosed in a quadrangular enclosure. The shikhara, a lofty ribbed curvilinear spire that curves in at the top and is crowned by an amalaka or great rounded block of stone, is built over the garbha griha. The golden vase-shaped Kalasa with a trisul stands on top of this. The sanctuary is built on a foundation of beautiful mouldings. Niche projections of Ganesh, Parvati, and Kartikeya adorn the lower half of the wall on three sides.

Puri’s Jagannath temple is a grander version of Lingaraja’s temple. It was constructed in the 12th century AD and includes a 65-meter-high tower.

Suggested Read –  Temples of Orissa – Illustrious Architectural wonders of India

Odisha is home to Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Jainism, among other religions. However, Hinduism is the majority religion in Odisha. Despite the fact that all other religions have adherents, Odisha boasts the biggest concentration of Hindus among Indian states. Odisha is a nation of religious tolerance, and people of many sects and faiths coexist peacefully, often within the same hamlet, and used to share all of the festivals.

Odisha has a long and illustrious musical culture. Odisha’s rich musical legacy is reflected in the figures of dancers and musicians carved on old temple walls. Odissi music is a classical genre that combines all of the elements found in Hindustani and Karnatic music. Odissi sangita is a synthesis of four types of music, namely dhruvapada, chitrapada, chitrakala, and panchal, as detailed in two treatises produced in the early nineteenth century, namely Sangita Sarani and Sangita Narayana. Jayadev, the saint-poet, renowned composer, and illustrious maestro of classical music, is responsible for most of it.

The Odissi dance, which is choreographed to the best music of Odisha, is claimed to be an attempt to approach God and experience ultimate happiness. As a result, the devadasis, who used to dance to the recital of hymns and bols of talas, kept this dance alive. The Odissi dance emerged from the millennia-old Mahari dance form, which was once performed by devadasi dancers known as maharis at the shrine of Lord Jagannath in Puri. It was afterwards promoted as Odisha’s classical dance genre. Late Kavichandra Kalicharan Patnaik and Padma bhusan recipient Kelu Charan Mahapatra are among the masters who elevated the dance form to international prominence. To name a few, there’s Padmashree Pankaj Charan Das, and Deba Prasad Das.

In the world of Odisha music and dance, Chhau is a popular dance genre in addition to classical Odissi. It’s a warrior dance performed to the accompaniment of indigenous instruments. Today’s highly stylized Chhau dance adheres to the essential principles of Bharat Muni’s Natya Shastra and Nandikeswara’s Abhinaya Darpana. Other dance traditions found in Odisha’s rich history and culture include Jatra, Pala, Dashkathia, Gotipua, and Naga-Medha.

Odisha is a melting pot of cultures, including Aryan, Dravidian, and Adivasi. The majority of the state’s festivals highlight some aspect of their cultures and honour their faith throughout the year. There are several festivals that are widely celebrated, but the celebrations are unique to each place. The Rath yatra is the state’s most well-known festival, during which a massive chariot or rath is driven across the state, particularly in Puri, where devotees worship Lord Jagannath. Durga Puja is celebrated all around the state, but especially in Cuttack. Kali Puja, also known as Diwali, is observed in many parts of Odisha. Cuttack’s Bali Yatra, held on the full moon day of Kartika, recalls the splendor of Odishan traders in the past. At Baripada, the Chaitra Parva, a Chhou dance festival, is held.

Odiya cuisine uses a variety of locally obtained vegetables, grains, pulses, dairy products, and seafood, as well as fewer spices and oil. Khechidi (rice, lentils, and ghee), Palau (vegetables, dry fruits, and spices), Kanika (sweet rice dish made with dried fruits and ghee), Ghee rice, and Pakhala (watered rice served with curd and stir-fried vegetables) are some of the famous rice dishes in Odisha. The vegetable and spice-laden Dalma, the plain and uncomplicated Dali , and the delectable and flavorful Besara are just a few of the mouthwatering lentil meals. Santula is a vegetable stew made with onion, garlic, and green chilies in a skillet. Khajuri khata, Amba khatta, Ouu khatta, dhania-patra, and pudina-patra chutneys are some of the state’s well-known chutneys used as condiments in Odishan cuisine. Dahi baigana, a curd and brinjal dish, is a delicious side dish with a tangy, flavorful, and sweet-sour flavour.

When it comes to sweets, Odisha has a wide variety of desserts, including cheese-based Chhena Poda, Chhena Jhili, Rasamalai, and Chhena Gaja, as well as flour-based Pheni, Jilapi, Malpua, and Kheera Gaja. Pitha, or indigenous cakes, are popular in Odisha.

The kitchen of Puri’s famous Jagannath Temple is said to be the world’s largest, with a thousand chefs working around 752 wood-burning clay hearths known as chulas to feed over 10,000 people every day. Offerings are made to the presiding deities in temples around the region. The Jagannath Temple’s prasad is well-known, and it is known as Maha Prasad, which means “largest of all prasads.” It is known as chhappan bhog since it has 56 recipes.

Suggested Read –  10 Mouthwatering Dishes of Odisha You Can’t afford to Miss

With a 485-kilometre-long coastline, mountains, lakes, natural biodiversity, and rivers, tourism in Odisha is one of the most important contributors to the state’s economy. Odisha is one of India’s most important tourism destinations, offering a diverse range of tourist attractions including wildlife reserves, beaches, temples, monuments, the arts, and festivals.

In Orissa, agriculture is the most common occupation. Agriculture and agriculture-related businesses employ over 76% of the entire working population. In addition, the state is a big producer of fish. Because of the favourable industrial climate in the state, the state has seen an increase in industrial activity.

Odisha with its diverse and intriguing cultural traditions exemplified by the iconic Sun Temple at Konark and the respected Jagannath Temple in Puri. Odisha, which is home to 62 tribes, has long been a favourite of visitors and scholars alike. Odissi dance, handlooms, and fine handicrafts give this land a distinct cultural character that has enthralled people from all over the world in the past and will continue to do so in the future.

Image credits: The copyright for the images used in this article belong to their respective owners. Best known credits are given under the image. For changing the image credit or to get the image removed from Caleidoscope, please contact us.

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Essay on Odisha Culture

Students are often asked to write an essay on Odisha Culture in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Odisha Culture

Introduction to odisha culture.

Odisha, an eastern Indian state, is known for its rich cultural heritage. Its culture is a blend of art, religion, music, dance, and cuisine.

Art and Architecture

Odisha’s art and architecture are famous worldwide, with the Sun Temple at Konark and Jagannath Temple at Puri showcasing its architectural brilliance.

Festivals and Dance

The state celebrates numerous festivals, like Rath Yatra and Durga Puja. Odissi, a classical dance form, is integral to Odisha’s cultural identity.

Odisha’s cuisine is diverse and unique, featuring dishes like Dalma and Rasagola, enjoyed by locals and tourists alike.

250 Words Essay on Odisha Culture

Odisha’s art and architecture are renowned worldwide. The state’s architectural prowess is evident in the ancient temples of Bhubaneswar, Puri, and Konark. These temples, built during the Kalinga era, showcase intricate carvings, reflecting the deep-rooted spirituality and craftsmanship. Odisha’s artistry also extends to Pattachitra, a traditional cloth-based scroll painting, and Tarakasi, a silver filigree work.

Literature and Language

Odia, the state’s official language, has a rich literary history dating back to the 13th century. The language and its literature have been significantly influenced by the Bhakti movement, with prominent poets like Jayadeva penning revered texts like ‘Gita Govinda’.

Dance and Music

Odissi, one of the oldest classical dance forms in India, originates from Odisha. It’s a beautiful blend of grace, passion, and devotion. Odisha’s music includes traditional folk, tribal and classical genres, with instruments like Mardala and Gini playing pivotal roles.

Odisha’s cuisine is a delightful blend of local ingredients and traditional cooking methods. Known for its subtle yet distinct flavors, dishes like Dalma and Pahala Rasgulla are celebrated.

Odisha’s culture is an amalgamation of its historical legacy, artistic expressions, and spiritual ethos. It is a testament to the region’s resilience, creativity, and reverence for tradition. The exploration of Odisha’s culture offers a profound understanding of India’s diverse cultural tapestry.

500 Words Essay on Odisha Culture

Introduction.

Odisha’s art and architecture are deeply rooted in its history and spirituality. The state is renowned for its ancient temples, including the famous Jagannath Temple in Puri and the Sun Temple in Konark. These architectural marvels, built in the Kalinga style, are a testament to the skilled craftsmanship of the ancient Odia artisans. The intricate carvings and sculptures narrate the stories of Hindu mythology and the lives of the people of the time.

Parallel to its architectural feats, Odisha is also famous for its Pattachitra paintings – one of the oldest and most unique art forms of Odisha. These paintings, made on cloth, depict stories of gods, goddesses, and scenes from the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata.

Performing Arts

The music of Odisha, particularly Odissi music, complements the dance form. Chhau, another dance form, is a vibrant fusion of martial arts, acrobatics, and dance, reflecting the region’s tribal culture.

Odia, the official language of Odisha, has a rich literary tradition. Odia literature dates back to the 13th century and has been enriched by the works of eminent poets and writers like Sarala Das, Upendra Bhanja, and Fakir Mohan Senapati. The language itself is unique, being the only language from the Indo-Aryan linguistic group that has been given the status of a classical language by the Government of India.

Festivals and Cuisine

Odisha’s cuisine, influenced by its agriculture and geography, is a unique blend of flavors. Rice is a staple, and seafood is popular due to the state’s long coastline. Dishes like Dalma and Pakhala are well-known, and sweets like Rasagola and Chhena Poda are loved by all.

The culture of Odisha is a rich tapestry of art, architecture, literature, performing arts, festivals, and cuisine. It is a testament to the state’s historical legacy and the resilience and creativity of its people. Despite modern influences, Odisha has successfully retained its cultural identity, making it a fascinating study for anyone interested in Indian culture.

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Odia Identity and Language Movement of Odisha

2020, Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies(AJMS)

Ancient history of India reflects that the people living in the geographical tract of present Odisha had a unique Identity in the world. The Odia language has played a significant role in establishing the uniqueness of the people of this land. In the 12 th century AD 'Chodagangadev' the king of Eastern-Ganga family has laid the foundation of modern Odisha by uniting all the territories into one in the name of "Sakalatkola" and made the Odia language the dominant speech of Odisha. In 15 th century 'Kapilendradev' used the word 'Odisha' and introduced 'Odia' as the Official Language of state administration. This resulted in the development Odia Language, literature and culture in a Sanskrit dominated society which established the identity of a race. It was jeopardised in the 16 th century AD as a result of foreign aggression. The attempt of British-India administration in 19 th century to withdraw the vernacular language from schools and administration for which the people of Odisha resorted to organised protest, kwon as Language Movement in the 19 th century and could restore the same in the first half of 20 th century AD. The objective of this paper is to discuss about the historiography of "Odia Identity" on language basis which has been initiated in the 10 th century AD and took a concrete shape in the 15 th century AD and after some turmoil how it was restored in 1936 with the formation of separate Odisha State.This paper is prepared on the basis of secondary data following descriptive method.

Related Papers

The Odia language, since its inception has played a significant role in establishing the uniqueness of the people of Odisha.In the 12th century AD Chodagangadev of Eastern Ganga family has established "Sakalatkola" and made the Odia language the dominant speech in this land. In 15th century AD the great pioneer of Odia Identity 'Kapilendradev' used the word 'Odisha' and introduced 'Odia' as the Official Language in his empire. After 1568 this community has lost the hard earned Identity and this was again restored in 1936 with the creation of Odisha state on Language basis. After introduction of Indian Constitution in 1950 the provision in Art.345 351 resulted in the "The Orissa Official language Act, 1954". Though we got the Act for the use of Odia Language in all official purposes of Odisha still we are thousand miles behind the achievement of 'Kapilendradev' in 15th Century AD. Now in the 21st Century after 71 years of the establ...

SMART M O V E S J O U R N A L IJELLH

Abstract Language is a strong cementing force to unite a race. Therefore, the language crisis served the purpose of motivation to generate a patriotic feeling among the Odia. The language agitation which first started as a cultural movement took the shape of a political movement at a later period. In course of time, the Odia people demanded a separate Odisha province where they could maintain their own political identity and further the cause of their cultural heritage without outside interference. This language agitation was termed as the Odia Movement.

Prasant Pradhan

In the middle of the 19th century a powerful cultural movement was organised in the Odia-speaking areas under the leadership of some enlightened princes when they realised that their language and culture were under great threat. The kings of both the Garhjats or western Odisha and the coastal areas were living a very aimless backward life. They were oppressive and unscientific. But out of these princes a few came out to save Odia language and culture when there were conspiracies to wipe out Odia identity. The kings of Odisha initiated a language movement to foster unity and brotherhood among different Odia-speaking areas. This cultural movement became the foundation of the future Odia nationalist movement in the 20th century.

Kailash Chandra Dash

The American Historical Review

Jayanta Sengupta

A review of Pritipuspa Mishra's book, 'Language and the Making of Modern India: Nationalism and the Vernacular in Colonial Odisha, 1803–1956' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020)

Dr. Subrat Prusty

David Dennen

Berhampur University Research Journal

This article is related to the cultural progress in pre-colonial and colonial Odisha on the basis of several literary documents and traditional narratives.

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development

Dr. Santosh Kumar Nayak

John Beames and Orissa,

Lalatendu Das Mohapatra

In the second half of the nineteenth century a group of petty Bengali bureaucrats conspired to replace Odia language in schools, courts and offices in Odisha by Bengali language by propounding a notion that Odia is a regional dialect of Bengali.But the actual intention was to exclude the Odias from government services who would be in a disadvantageous position to compete with the Bengalis due to their lack of proficiency in Bengali language.This movement of the Bengalis got a morale boosting from Rajendra Lal Mitra who refused to accept Odia and Assamese as separate language. But the real morale booster for the Odias was John Beames, the internationally acclaimed philologist who through a series of articles in Indian Antiquary and Asiatic Society established the independence of Odia language.

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Krishna Beura Odia Singer

Odia singer of ananya sritam nanda, abhijit majumdar odia singer.

Odia Literature: From The Beginning to Now

The language of Odisha that we call Odia has a long history and a rich legacy, spreading far and wide with the boundaries of Kalinga. Any study of Odia literature ( literature of Odisha ) is therefore going to be a daunting task filling thousands of pages. This article is not meant to be an exhaustive resource of Odia literature but more of an overview of its evolution from an early language now extinct to the modern Odia we find today.

We will go by chronological order with archaeological findings and documentary evidence to establish a plausible chain from the beginning to the present.

Ashokan Edicts & Hatigumpha Inscriptions

All writings discovered and preserved from this period are in the form of either stone inscriptions on rocks (Ashokan Edicts), cave walls (Hatigumpha cave in Udaygiri/Khandagiri caves) and temples; or copper plates (preserved at the Odisha State Museum). The edicts are basically descriptions of Ashoka’s beliefs on moral behaviour and the Hatigumpha inscription describes the reign of King Kharavela of Kalinga. The copper plates of this period were usually issued for grants by the regional kings. These inscriptions were later expanded upon by later rulers and range from the 4th century BC to about 12th century AD.

Written in Prakrit, these inscriptions are the earliest form of writing recovered from pre-medieval period. There are rock art and pictographs from prehistory that can be found in caves but they are not considered to be written language.

The Beginning of Odia Poetry

Around 7th century AD, Vajrayana Buddhist poets wrote  Charyapada  ( Caryagiti ) in a proto-Odia language that was the ancestor of other languages like Bengali and Assamese. This proto-language would be considered a derivative of Prakrit.

Wrapped in metaphors, this collection of poems was meant to be sung and counted poets like Luipa and Kanhupa, who were from Kalinga’s territory, among the contributors.

The  Charyapada  was a major influence in the literature of northeastern India from 10th to the 14th century. The tantra like imagery of the poems was so vivid that poets of the 16th to 19th century revived the style for their own poems.

Historians have classified the period from 10th century to the 14th century as the  Old Odia  period. This was the time Odia began to take shape as a distinct language.

Natha and Siddha Literature

Around 12th century AD,  Natha Dharma  began to rise under Matsyendranath and Gorekhnath and gave rise to literature of a religious nature. The major works of this period were  Sishuveda ,  Amara Kosha  and  Gorakha Samhita .  Sishuveda  is considered the last of the  Charya  style literature. Majority of the writings of this period are in Sanskrit and Prakrit.

However this era is considered notable because of the development of prose. Until now, all Odia literature was in the form of poetry. The earliest example would be the  Madala Panji , or the Palm Leaf Chronicles of Jagannath Temple which holds the history of the Gajapati kings of Puri as well as the Jagannath Temple. The next important work of prose would be the  Rudra Sudhanidhi .

This period is called the pre-Sarala period because of how influential Sarala Das would become with his writings.

Rise of The Odia Language

In the 15th century, Odia was the language of the commoners and the untouchables while the upper class patronized Sanskrit. Sarala Das broke the mould by translating the Mahabharata from Sanskrit to Odia. It was however more of a transcreation, an imitation in other words. This provided a window into Odia culture in the time period to later poets.

He was acclaimed as  Adikabi  (the First Poet) and was given the title  Shudramuni  or a seer from a backward caste. It was his work that characterizes Odia’s rise as the lingua franca of Odisha’s literature. He also wrote the  Chandi Purana  and the  Vilanka Ramayana .

It was in this period that Arjuna Das wrote the long poem  Rama-Bibha  in Odia.

However it was the Gajapati of Puri, Kapilendra Dev, who is to be credited with promoting Odia literature. The previous kings had favoured Sanskrit as the language of literature but he decided to give equal patronage to both Sanskrit and Odia which lead to the advancement of the Odia language.

Historians classify this time period (14th to 16th century) as  Early Medieval Odia .

The Panchsakha

In the late 15th and early 16th century five poets became influential for their school of  Utkaliya Vaishnavism . They were Balarama Das, Atibadi Jagannath Das, Achyutananda Das, Sishu Ananta Das, and Jasobanta Das, who came to be called as the Panchasakha. They believed in the  Gyana Mishra Bhakti Marga , the Buddhist philosophy espoused in the Charya literature as mentioned above.

Considered spiritual figures along with being poets the Panchasakha are considered to the most significant personalities in the development of the cultural landscape of Odisha.  They translated many ancient Hindu texts to Odia, making them available to the common masses.

Jagamohan Ramayan  written by Balaram Das is considered to the other pillar alongside Sarala Das’s Mahabharata to be the foundation on which Odia literature is built. On the other hand, Atibadi Jagannath Das’  Bhagabata  is considered the most influential on day to day Odia thought and philosophy. Ananta Das and Yashobanta Das have several  bhajans  to their name.

Of the five, Achyutananda Das is considered to be the most prolific writer and his works include not only books on philosophy but also yoga, Buddhist Tantra, Ayurveda, various sciences etc.

The qualities of the Panchasakha can be described in the following verses:

ଆଗମ୍ଯଭାବ ଜାଣେ ଜଶୋବନ୍ତ ଗାରକଟ୍ଟା ଯନ୍ତ୍ର ଜାଣେ ଅନନ୍ତ ଆଗତ ନାଗତ ଅଚ୍ଯୁତ ଭଣେ ବଲରାମ ଦାସ ତତ୍ତ୍ବ ବଖଣେ ଭକତିର ଭାବ ଜାଣେ ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ପଂଚ ସଖା ଏ ଓଡିଆ ମାହାନ୍ତ

The above verses translate to:

Yasovanta knows the things beyond reach Yantras uses lines and figures known to Ananta Achyuta speaks the past, present and future Balarâma Dasa is fluent in tatwa (the ultimate meaning of anything) Ultimate feelings of devotion are known to Jagannâtha These five friends are my five mahantas.

The Panchasakha alongside another seer,  Raghu Arakshita  are called the  Sada-Goswami  (six Lords).

It was in this period that Madhavi Pattanayak or Madhavi Das became the first Odia woman to write poetry in the form of devotional songs for Lord Jagannath.

Imaginative Odia Literature

Considered by historians as the  Medieval Odia  period, from the 16th century onward,  Kaalpanika  (imaginary) and  Pauranika  (Puranic) poems grew to prominence and along with the later writings of the Panchasakha formed the foundation of the Riti Yuga which was to follow.

The body of odia literature in this period is extensive but falls outside the scope of this article so we’ll discuss this at a later time.

This period is named the Riti Yuga because of the  Reeti  style employed by the prominent poet of the era, Upendra Bhanja. This style is characterized by verbal tics, obscenity and eroticism. There were many poets in this era who employed this style, one of them being his grandfather Dhananjay Bhanja who was the king of Ghumusar.

This era is said to have begun in mid 17th century and carried on till mid 19th century AD. Historians classify the time period from 18th century to the end of this era as the  Late Medieval Odia  period.

Upendra Bhanja’s seminal work,  Baidehisha Bilasa , alongside his other works like  Rasika Harabali ,  Koti Brahmanda Sundari  and  Labanyabati  have led to him being conferred the title  Kabi Samrat . He has 52 books to his name of which only 25-26 have survived.

He also pioneered a new form of poetry called  Bandha Kabita , in which the poet wrote a poem on the frame of a picture made by him. His C hitrakavya Bandhodaya  was the first of its kind and has 84 pictorial poems.

The End of Riti Yuga

With the coming of the British, Riti Yuga came to an end. Towards the end four poets emerged with highly lyrical writings, These were Kabi Surya Baladeb Rath, Brajanath Badajena, Gopal Krushna Pattanaik and Bhima Bhoi. The scope of this article is too small for discussing the works of these poets and the ones that followed so we would cover them at a later date.

Rise of the Printing Press

Before the coming of the British, Odia literature was primarily recorded on dried palm leaves. In 1836, Christian missionaries printed the first book on paper. Thus began the  Age of Radhanath  and that of  Modern Odia Literature .

The first writings to be printed were periodicals, journals and books which soon became available to the common people. The first Odia newspaper to be published was  Utkala Deepika  1866. With many periodicals in print, Odia political thought began to develop a bend for freedom of expression, encouraging budding Odia writers and popularizing modern literature.

Into this era was born Radhanath Ray, the poet who defined the literature of the era. His  kavyas (long poems) had lots of Western influence and he inspired a lot of people with his writings. His works include Chandrabhaga, Nandikeshwari, Usha, Mahajatra, Darbar and Chilika.

A contemporary of Radhanath Ray would be Fakir Mohan Senapati, considered the father of modern Odia prose. His short story  Rebati  is considered widely to be the first Odia short story. His other writings include Patent Medicine, Dak Munshi, and Adharma Bitta. He is also known for his novel Chha Maana Atha Guntha. 

The Satyabadi Era

During the Radhanath Age, the literary world was divided into classicists and modernists. In this times of change Gopabandhu Das wrote a satirical poem in the classicist journal, the  Indradhanu , a bastion of tradition. He recognized that a society and its literature need a solid historical foundation of tradition. He was reprimanded by the Inspector of Schools for the poem but he refused to apologize.

He joined the Ravenshaw College after this incident and opened the  Kartavya Bodhini Samiti  (Duty Awakening Society) in college to encourage social responsibility among his friends. His tireless dedecation to social work earned him the name Utkalamani (Odisha’s Gem).

With the beginning of the freedom movement, Gopabandhu Das was influenced by the thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi and the rising nationalism and gave rise to the school of the Satyabadi. Other than Gopabandhu Das, the other writers influenced by this idealistic movement were Godabarisha Mishra, Nilakantha Dash, Harihara Acharya and Krupasinshu. They were called the Panchsakha in recognition of their similarity to the historical ones.

There were many more writers influenced by the Satyabadi Movement, one of them being Chintamani Das whose contributions include  Manishi Nilakantha ,  Bhala Manisa Hua ,  Usha ,  Barabati ,  Byasakabi Fakiramohan  and  Kabi Godabarisha .

The Progressives

Nabakrushna Choudhury, Bhagabati Panigrahi and Ananta Patnaik founded the Nabajuga Sahitya Sansad in 1935, a year before the National Progressive Writers Association was established by Munshi Prem Chand, Sajad Zaheer, Mulk Raj Anand and others. The Adhunika became the mouthpiece of the Nabajuga Sahitya Sansad and attracted many contemporary writers. It was was concieved, edited and mantained by Bhagabati Charan Panigrahi and Ananta Patnaik. This time period has been called the  Pragati Yuga .

The Age of Romanticism

In the 1930’s, when progressive Marxist thoughts dominated the literary landscape of Odisha, the writings of Rabindranth Tagore influenced Kalindi Charan Panigrahi (brother of Bhagabati Charan Panigrahi). He founded  Sabuja Samiti  with two of his writer friends Annada Shankar Ray and Baikuntha Patnaik. It was a shortlived period, with the school folded into Gandhism and Marxism. This however influenced K. C. Panigrahi’s famous novel  Matira Manisha .

The Post Colonial Era

This is a vast topic, a bit too big for this article. We will discuss post-colonial Odia literature in a later article.

The contribution of the writers of the Early Medieval to Late Medieval Odia provided a solid foundation on which modern Odia literature could stand. These writers have some renown but their works need to be publicized further, bringing them back into public consciousness.

The touch of Sarala Das, the Panchsakha, Upendra Bhanja and many others can be found in many modern literary works. The common Odia person should feel proud for being part of this sprawling and rich literary legacy.

We leave you with the promise that we would cover the above mentioned topics in more detail in later articles. See you soon. To learn more about Odisha literature follow up today.

Read more: Manoj Das : An Epitome of Odia Literature

Want to buy Odia literature books , visit OdishaShop.

• Odia Literature and its Great Legacy, The Nandi Ghosh Blog, April 2017
• The History of medieval Vaishnavism in Odisha . Chapter:  The Sidhacharyas in Odisha  Page 55 by Prabhat Mukherjee
• Palm Leaf Etchings of Orissa . Abhinav Publications. ISBN9788170172482 by Durga Prasad Patnaik
• In Translation – Reflections, Refractions, Transformations , Page 170-171 by Debendra K. Dash and Dipti R. Pattanaik, edited by Paul St-Pierre, Prafulla C. Kar
• Mahapurusa Panchasakha, Ananta Himalayas Blog, July 2012
• Upendra Bhanja Granthabali (Dutiya Khanda), edited by Bidyadhar Sahoo

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Punjabi Culture - Traditions and Cultural Diversity of Punjab

Unique, colourful and extravagant, these are the attributes of the heartland of India, Punjab. Popular and distinguished across the globe, the culture of Punjab is indeed overwhelming. The delicious Punjabi food appeases your taste buds like never before. Colourful fancy clothes and Bhangra attract you like nothing else. When you visit Punjab, you can experience hospitable and heartwarming vibes. Punjabis are known to be very helpful, welcoming and proud people. They welcome everyone with open hearts (and of course a glass of Lassi and typical Punjabi food). They celebrate their festivals with great zeal and zest, with great food, music, dances and revelry. The beauty of Punjab is as magical as it becomes.

People of Punjab and Punjabi Sabhyachar

Punjabis are mainly divided into two communities: Khatris and Jats. They've been involved in agriculture for a long time now. But now, trade and commerce have also opened up in the state. A large population still follows the joint family system which has now turned out to be unique. The feeling of togetherness can be easily felt here as they promise to be with each other in moments of sadness and happiness.

Punjabis are very particular about their traditions and relations. Every festival or ceremony have predefined rituals which are strictly followed. May it be birth or wedding, hair cutting or a funeral, the adherence to rituals is a must which according to them strengthens a relation and displays a proper social cordiality.

Food in Punjabi Culture

One of the favourite cuisines of Indians and other communities outside, Punjabi food is rich in flavours and spices. With overflowing ghee on the chapattis, the food here is considered for the strong-hearted! Lassi is the refreshing drink here and is also known as the welcome drink. It's a very heavy dose of milk, especially for those are not from Northern India.

Makke di Roti (maize bread) and Sarson da Saag (mustard leaf curry) is another traditional dish of Punjab. There are many other foods like Chole Bhathure, Rajma Chawal and Paneer Naan, but one of the humongous favourites is Tandoori Chicken!  

Dresses in Punjabi Culture

The traditional dresses of Punjab are very colourful, unique and vibrant. Women wear Salwar kameez (Salwar is the bottom wear and kameez upper). These clothes are intricately designed and beautifully embroidered at homes in multi colours. Men wear a Turban with great pride. Initially, Hindus and Muslims also used to wear turbans, but now Sikhs can be only seen wearing them. Kurta is worn on the upper body, and Tehmat which are the baggy and balloon-ish Pyjamas are worn on the lower portion. Footwear preferred is Jooti which has been the traditional footwear worn by men and women for many years.

Folk Dances of Punjab

There are many folk music and dances which are hugely popular in Punjab and the rest of the country. One of them is Bhangra which has also become immensely popular in the west. This dance form began many years ago when Punjabi farmers used to perform to welcome the harvest season. Giddha and Sammi, Luddhi and Dhamal are some other popular dances in the region. Punjabi music has become popular in Bollywood too. Punjabis are known for their revelry and music forms an essential part of it.

These dance forms are mainly performed in Baisakhi Festival. The performances, especially involving men, are given on the beats of drum and music. People wear Kurta and Tehmat (garments made of silk and cotton) with Turban on their head and a handkerchief in hand during the performances.

Language and Religions

The official language of the state is Punjabi, which is also the local language used for communication. Although there is only one local language, there are many dialects used diverse region to region. Some of the local dialects are Doabi, Ghebi, Malwai, Pahari, Shahpuri, Rachnavi, Hindko, etc. Interestingly the script for Punjabi language is Gurmukhi in India and Shahmukhi in Pakistan.

There are many religions which exist in Punjab. But the major population comprises in the Indian state of Punjab are of Hindus and Sikhs. In Hindus, Khatris are the most prominent, while Brahmin, Rajput and Baniya may also be found. The Sikh population is particularly high in the state owing to the origin of Sikhism. There are many Sikh religious centres in Punjab, not to forget the most famous Golden Temple in Amritsar which witnesses huge footfall from around the world. Some of the people in Indian Punjab are Muslims, Christians, and Jains.

Wedding Customs in Punjab

The prewedding rituals start with the Roka, which is an unofficial engagement signifying the acceptance of the relationship by the two families. Then comes Chunni Chadhai followed by Mangni/Sagai which is the official engagement with the couple exchanging the engagement rings. A couple of days before the wedding, Mehendi artists are called in on the occasion of Mehendi to create intricate designs on the hands of the bride joined by all the female friends and family members. Usually on the same evening is the musical night known as Sangeet which is pretty much the same as a bachelorette party. After the merry and joyful evening of Sangeet, some traditional rituals are set in motion starting with Kangna Bandhna, Followed by Choodha Chadhana and Kalide which take place in the Bride’s house. Haldi and Ghara Ghardoli are two rituals that take place for both, Bride and Groom when they are covered with a thick paste of turmeric and sandalwood mixed with rosewater and mustard oil. Bride and groom visit their nearest temple and are bathed with holy water and start getting ready for the main part of the wedding. Sehrabandi and Ghodi Chadna conclude the pre-wedding rituals.

The main wedding function starts with the Agwani and Milni which is a ritual to welcome the groom and his party to the venue of the wedding. Followed by the welcome is the Varmala or the exchange of the garlands between the bride and the groom. The Groom is then offered a bowl of water and a bowl of a sweet drink called Madhuperk. The ritual of Kanyadaan is fulfilled by the father of the Bride and asks the Groom to take good care of her. After the Heart touching ritual of Kanyadaan is Mangal Phere where the couple circle the sacred fire four times and the couple is declared Married. The wedding day concludes with a sacrificial ritual offering rice flakes to the sacred fire thrice called Lajhom followed by Sindhoor Daan which is the ritual of the groom to anoint the bride's forehead and the hair partition with Sindhoor.

Post-wedding games are the fun part of every wedding where the families and friend from both sides take part actively. After the celebrations and games are the most heart touching moments for the festivities when the bride has to say bye to her parents and tears rolling down the cheeks is a normal scenario in these moments. The bride is welcomed to the groom's house and a final ritual called the Muh Dikhai marks an end to the ceremonies and the start of a happy life together.

Literature and Philosophy

Punjabi Literature mostly comprises the writings from Sikh Gurus and some poetry too. The writings of Guru Nanak also known as The Janamsakhis are one of the oldest literature books found. Some spiritual philosophies of yogis like Gorakshanath and Charpatnah are also available. But the major literature began with the initiation of poetry and Sufi music and ghazals. Some famous stories include Heer Ranjha by Waris Shah, Mirza Sahiba by Hafiz Barkhudar and Sohni Mahiwal by Fazal Shah. Modern Punjabi writers include Bhai Vir Singh, Puran Singh, Dhani Ram Chatrik, Amrita Pritam, Baba Balwanta, Mohan Singh, and Shiv Kumar Batalvi.

Punjabis are high spirited and liberal people. Residing in the heart of India, they are soft natured people who celebrate every event and festival with utmost zest. They are lively and vibrant with a vibrant history and culture. They enjoy liquor and revelry as much as they enjoy Lassi and folk music. Punjabis can now be found in many parts of the world especially the USA and Canada. But suffice it to say, they have shifted the land, but their culture is imbibed in them even today. They celebrate their festivals across the globe and welcome others to be a part of their culture. And to less surprise, Punjabis are loved all over the world.

This post was published by Vishwas Jain

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Folk Culture of Odisha Of A Rich Tapestry of Traditions and Expressions

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Folk Culture of Odisha Of A Rich Tapestry of Traditions and Expressions-Odisha, an Indian state on the east coast, has a rich and varied folk culture that is a reflection of the state’s cultural heritage, history, and blending of different influences. Odisha’s folk culture, which includes traditional art forms, folk dances, music, rituals, and festivals, is a living example of the people’s ingenuity and resiliency.

1. Performing Arts: 

A. Odissi Dance: – The temples of Odisha are the birthplace of Odissi, one of the most well-known classical dance styles in India. It is an elegant and expressive dance that combines expressive facial expressions, deft footwork, and hand gestures (mudras). Dancers portray characters from Hindu epics in odissi narratives, which frequently draw inspiration from mythological tales.

B. Gotipua Dance: – Gotipua is a unique dance style that was created in Odisha’s temple traditions and is performed by young boys who dress like female dancers. While sharing some similarities with Odissi, it still has its own unique qualities. The dancers’ amazing agility and flexibility captivate audiences with their deft moves.

C. Chhau Dance: – Chhau is a martial dance form that combines elements of dance, mime, and mock combat. It has three major styles, originating from the regions of Mayurbhanj, Seraikela, and Purulia. The dancers wear elaborate masks and costumes, depicting characters from Hindu mythology, and perform during festivals and special occasions.

2. Music and Folk Songs:  

A. Odissi Music: – Odissi music, deeply rooted in classical traditions, encompasses vocal and instrumental forms. It has distinctive ragas and talas, and compositions often revolve around devotional themes. The state is home to accomplished musicians and vocalists who contribute to the preservation and evolution of Odissi music.

B. Jhumar Songs: – Jhumar is a traditional folk music form of Odisha, characterized by its rhythmic beats and melodic tunes. These songs are often associated with the cultivation of crops and depict the daily lives and experiences of the rural population. Jhumar performances are integral to various festivals and celebrations.

C. Sankirtan: – Sankirtan is a devotional musical tradition in which groups of singers gather to sing praises to deities. The songs are accompanied by traditional instruments like mridanga and cymbals. Sankirtan is an essential part of religious ceremonies and festivals in Odisha.

3. Craft Traditions: 

A. Pattachitra: – Pattachitra is a traditional scroll painting art form that flourishes in the coastal districts of Odisha. The artists use natural pigments and depict mythological themes, religious stories, and scenes from daily life on specially treated cloth. Pattachitra is a visual narrative that combines art and storytelling.

B. Dhokra Art: – Dhokra, an ancient form of metal casting, is prevalent in tribal communities of Odisha. The artisans create intricate brass or bell metal artifacts, including figurines, jewelry, and utilitarian items. Each piece is unique, reflecting the skilled craftsmanship and cultural motifs of the region.

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C. Appliqué Work: – The art of appliqué involves sewing pieces of fabric onto a base fabric to create vibrant and decorative patterns. This craft is particularly associated with the Pipili region, and its colorful appliqué products, such as canopies and umbrellas, are a common sight during festivals like Rath Yatra.

4. Folklore and Storytelling:  

A. Pala: – In the traditional storytelling art form of palan, stories from Hindu epics are told by performers in a dramatic and melodic way. Pala performances are a kind of moral instruction and entertainment that are frequently presented during religious festivals.

B. Rasa Lila: – Rasa Lila is a form of traditional theater that depicts the divine love between Lord Krishna and the gopis (milkmaids). The performances involve colorful costumes, lively music, and dance, creating a festive and devotional atmosphere.

C. Jatra: – Jatra, a popular folk theater tradition, involves the retelling of mythological stories, historical events, and social issues. The performances are marked by elaborate stage setups, vibrant costumes, and energetic musical accompaniment. Jatra serves as a medium for entertainment as well as social commentary.

5. Religious Practices and Festivals: 

A. Rath Yatra: – Rath Yatra, the chariot festival of Lord Jagannath, is a grand celebration in Puri that attracts millions of devotees and tourists. The main deities are placed on elaborately decorated chariots and pulled through the streets. The festival is a symbol of communal harmony and draws people from diverse backgrounds.

B. Nuakhai: – Nuakhai is an agricultural festival celebrated predominantly in western Odisha. It marks the harvest season, and the first grains of the newly harvested crop are offered to deities before being consumed. Nuakhai is a time for feasting, family gatherings, and community celebrations.

C. Durga Puja: – Durga Puja is a widely celebrated festival, especially in urban areas. The elaborate decorations, cultural programs, and the immersion of Durga idols contribute to the festive atmosphere. The festival brings communities together and showcases the artistic and cultural vibrancy of Odisha.

The folk culture of Odisha is a vibrant and dynamic tapestry that weaves together a myriad of traditions, artistic expressions, and religious practices. From the intricate movements of Odissi dance to the melodic tunes of Jhumar songs, the state’s cultural landscape is a testament to the resilience and creativity of its people. The rich heritage of Odisha is further exemplified in its craft traditions, with Pattachitra paintings, Dhokra metal casting, and colorful appliqué work showcasing the skilled craftsmanship deeply rooted in the cultural fabric.

Folk Culture of Odisha Of A Rich Tapestry of Traditions and Expressions-Folklore and storytelling in Odisha take various forms, from the dramatic narratives of Pala to the devotional and festive performances of Rasa Lila and Jatra. These storytelling traditions not only entertain but also serve as vehicles for cultural education and moral lessons. Additionally, religious practices and festivals like Rath Yatra, Nuakhai, and Durga Puja play a crucial role in fostering communal harmony, bringing communities together, and celebrating the diversity of Odisha’s cultural identity.

As Odisha continues to evolve in the modern era, its folk culture remains a living and breathing entity, adapting to contemporary contexts while preserving its deep-rooted traditions. The cultural vibrancy of the state serves as a source of identity and pride for its inhabitants, contributing significantly to the broader cultural mosaic of India.

What is the significance of Odissi dance in Odisha’s folk culture?

Odissi dance is one of the most renowned classical dance forms in India, originating in the temples of Odisha. It is characterized by intricate footwork, expressive gestures, and storytelling. The dance form plays a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage and showcasing the artistic prowess of the state.

How does Dhokra art contribute to Odisha’s craft traditions?

Dhokra is an ancient form of metal casting prevalent in tribal communities of Odisha. Artisans create intricate brass or bell metal artifacts, reflecting cultural motifs and skilled craftsmanship. Dhokra art is not only a testament to traditional craftsmanship but also a means of economic sustenance for many communities.

What role do festivals like Rath Yatra and Nuakhai play in Odisha’s folk culture?

Rath Yatra is a grand chariot festival in Puri, celebrating Lord Jagannath. It is a symbol of communal harmony and attracts millions of devotees. Nuakhai, on the other hand, is an agricultural festival marking the harvest season and involves feasting, family gatherings, and community celebrations. Both festivals are integral to Odisha’s cultural identity.

How do storytelling traditions like Pala and Jatra contribute to cultural education in Odisha?

Pala and Jatra are traditional storytelling art forms that entertain and educate. Pala narrates stories from Hindu epics, providing moral lessons and cultural education. Jatra, a folk theater tradition, serves as a medium for social commentary, addressing mythological stories, historical events, and contemporary social issues.

What is the cultural significance of Durga Puja in Odisha?

Durga Puja is a widely celebrated festival in Odisha, especially in urban areas. The elaborate decorations, cultural programs, and the immersion of Durga idols contribute to the festive atmosphere. The festival brings communities together and showcases the artistic and cultural vibrancy of the state.

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