how to do phd in law in india

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The Ph.D (Law) programme offers candidates an opportunity to contribute to the academic field in their chosen areas of study. ​As a part of the programme, candidates are also provided an opportunity to teach or participate in ongoing research at NLSIU, in areas related to their dissertation, allowing for deeper integration with the NLSIU community and providing diverse feedback opportunities.

Related Videos

Watch videos on the programme here .

Eligibility for Ph.D. (Law)

The following candidates shall be eligible to apply for the Ph.D. (Law) programme:

a) Candidates having a 5-year/ 10-semester/ 15-trimester bachelor’s degree programme in Law through regular mode from a recognized University having secured a minimum of 75% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade on a point scale wherever the grading system is followed (70% of marks or its equivalent grade in case of SC/ST/OBC- NCL/Persons with Disability.)

b) Candidates having a 3-year/ 6-semester/ 9-trimester bachelor’s degree programme in Law (LL.B.) through regular mode from a recognized University having secured a minimum of 75% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade on a point scale wherever the grading system is followed (70% of marks or its equivalent grade in case of SC/ST/OBC-NCL Persons with Disability); and

c) Candidates having a Masters in Law degree (LL.M.) through regular mode from a recognized University having secured an aggregate of at least 55% marks or its equivalent grade (50% of marks or its equivalent grade in case of SC/ST/OBC-NCL)/ Persons with Disability);

d) Candidates having passed the Solicitors Examination conducted by the Bombay Incorporated Law Society and having a completed a bachelor’s in Law (LL.B./LL.B. (Hons.)) degree from a recognized University through regular mode; or

(e) Candidates having a Master of Business Laws (MBL) degree from the National Law School of India University with minimum CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average) of 4.00 and having completed a bachelor’s degree from a recognized University through regular mode.

Provided that candidates in their final year of study in the respective degrees in (a), (b) and (c) shall be eligible to apply, subject to the candidate securing the minimum marks or equivalent grade prior to July 2024.

International Students

Candidates can apply for the NLSAT – International Examination for “international student” category, if they fulfil the following conditions:

• They should be a citizen of a country other than India; AND
• They should have completed a minimum of ten years of their education in a school/college/university outside India.

For more details, click here.

Admission Process

Admission to the programme will be through an all-India written admissions test, the National Law School Admissions Test (NLSAT-PhD). Candidates shall submit the application form duly filled up along with a research proposal of about 6-8 pages. The application form is available here.

The research proposal should contain: i. Tentative Title ii. Statement of the problem and the background information on the subject. iii. A brief outline of the research design including a set of research questions, a brief review of the relevant literature on the issue identified for research, a research hypothesis (where applicable) and the proposed methodology. Students who demonstrate a firm grasp of these foundational issues will be awarded higher marks.

The NLSAT-PhD shall have the following scheme: a) Research Aptitude: 50 marks b) Essays/Answers on relevant topics pertaining to law/ other disciplines: 50 marks

Candidates securing not less than 50% marks on the aggregate in the written test will qualify for evaluation of their Research Proposal and making an oral presentation before a Panel of Experts on the date specified by the University.

Selection Process

Candidates will be selected based on the marks obtained by the candidate in the NLSAT- PhD, the research proposal, and the oral presentation. The weightage of each score component shall be as follows:

a) NLSAT-PhD: 50% b) Research Proposal: 35% c) Oral Presentation: 15%

Important Dates

• The National Law School Admissions Test-PhD (NLSAT-PhD) will be held on March 17, 2024 (Sunday), from 10.00 am to 12.30 pm in specified centres across the country. The duration of the test shall be 150 minutes.
• Application deadline has been extended to 11:59 pm IST, on February 28, 2024. View official notification. An application fee of Rs. 3000/- (Rupees Three Thousand Only) shall be payable at the time of submission of the application.
• The dates for the oral presentation shall be announced after the completion of the NLSAT-PhD. They are likely to be held in April – May 2024.
• Classes for coursework component of the Ph.D. programme shall commence in the University in July 2024.

The maximum number of Ph. D seats for the Academic Year 2024-25 are 8 (Eight). This includes 4 in Ph.D (Law) and 4 in Ph.D (Interdisciplinary). The University reserves the right not to fill all the seats where sufficient candidates do not satisfy the admission requirements.

PhD Regulations

Regulations governing the PhD programme are available here.  Candidates should familiarize themselves with the requirements of the programme, before applying.

The admission notification for AY 2024-25 is available here.

For Indian Nationals

For International Students

The total amount payable at the time of admission by foreign students for AY 2024-25 is Rs. 2,55,000/- as provided below:

Registration Fee – one time 90,000/- Course Work Fee – one time 90,000/- Annual Fee 75,000/- Total fee – per annum 2,55,000/-

* Fees mentioned above are provisional and subject to ratification by the University Governing Bodies.

Sample questions for NLSAT 2024 will be released to candidates who have registered through the admissions portal prior to the admissions test.

The University’s PhD programme in the previous year was offered in terms of the Ph.D. Degree Programme Regulations, 2021. The Regulations have been revised since the Academic Year 2023-24. 

The FAQs below reflect the Ph.D. Degree Programme Regulations 2023.  

NLSIU currently offers two Ph.D programmes:

– The Ph.D. (Law) programme allows a candidate to contribute academically in the field of law; – The Ph.D. (Interdisciplinary) involves research across disciplines to arrive at a more comprehensive perspective and solution for a particular problem.

Yes, they may apply for the Ph.D (Law) programme.

a) Candidates having a 5-year/ 10-semester/ 15-trimester bachelor’s degree programme in Law through regular mode from a recognized University having secured a minimum of 75% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade on a point scale wherever the grading system is followed (70% of marks or its equivalent grade in case of SC/ST/OBC- NCL/Persons with Disability.)

b) Candidates having a 3-year/ 6-semester/ 9-trimester bachelor’s degree programme in Law (LL.B.) through regular mode from a recognized University having secured a minimum of 75% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade on a point scale wherever the grading system is followed (70% of marks or its equivalent grade in case of SC/ST/OBC-NCL Persons with Disability); and

Provided that candidates in their final year of study in the respective degrees in (a), (b) and (c) shall be eligible to apply, subject to the candidate securing the minimum marks or equivalent grade prior to the date of the commencement of Ph.D.

No, there is no age limit to apply for the programmes.

Candidates will have to appear for the admission test NLSAT – Ph.D, conducted by the University. To apply, visit admissions.nls.ac.in

Note: While submitting the application for the admission test, candidates should also submit a research proposal of about 6-8 pages. The research proposal should contain: i. Tentative Title ii. Statement of the problem and the background information on the subject. iii. A brief outline of the research design including a set of research questions, a brief review of the relevant literature on the issue identified for research, a research hypothesis (where applicable) and the proposed methodology. Students who demonstrate a firm grasp of these foundational issues will be awarded higher marks.

No. Candidates may apply for either Ph.D (Law) or the Ph.D (Interdisciplinary) programme.

To apply for the Ph.D programmes, visit admissions.nls.ac.in

The University shall conduct a written test (NLSAT-Ph.D) along the following scheme:

a) Research Aptitude – 50 marks b) Essays on relevant topics pertaining to law/ other disciplines – 50 marks 

The list of selected candidates as above shall be displayed on the NLSIU website.

Candidates are required to be present at the NLSIU campus for the duration of their coursework spread over three trimesters. Course work is compulsory for all the Ph.D. candidates.

The first component of the course work must be completed during the first trimester upon their admission. The remaining two trimesters of the course work needs to be completed within the first two academic years.  

a) The candidate will have to complete a minimum of three (3) years’ research in their chosen subject, including the mandatory course work as provided in these Regulations.

b) Maximum period: The maximum duration of the Ph.D. programme shall be six (6) years* from the date of admission in the Ph.D. programme, subject to the fulfilment of the requirements per the Regulations.

*- Provided that candidates who are Persons with Disabilities (having more than 40% disability) may be allowed a relaxation of upto two (2) years; however, the total period for completion of a Ph.D. programme in such cases should not exceed eight (8) years from the date of admission in the Ph.D. programme; – Provided further that female Ph.D. candidates may be provided Maternity Leave/ Child Care Leave for up to 240 days in the entire duration of the Ph.D. programme; however, the total period for completion of a Ph.D. programme in such cases should not exceed six (6) years and eight (8) months from the date of admission in the Ph.D. programme.

c) Failure to complete the course within the maximum period set out in point (b) above will automatically result in cancellation of registration.

There are a total of six courses that a doctoral candidate has to complete. Three of these are compulsory taught courses. Each taught course will extend for around 10 weeks and will be held on campus.

The first compulsory taught course is to be completed in the initial trimester on admission to the programme. The second compulsory taught course can be completed in the initial or any subsequent trimester (depending on when the course is offered). These two taught courses have to be completed prior to the first presentation before the Research Advisory Committee. In addition, there are also two course requirements relating to review of literature and fine-tuning of the proposal which need to be completed under the guidance of the Supervisor prior to the first presentation before the Research Advisory Committee.

The third compulsory taught course has to be completed prior to the second presentation before the Research Advisory Committee. In addition, candidates also will also need to complete the course requirement relating to teaching/research assistantships as will be decided by the Supervisor/relevant University body of the University.

There is a Research Advisory Committee for each Ph.D. scholar consisting of a Supervisor and two members (one from within NLSIU and one external member).

Please refer to the fee tab on the respective programme pages for fee details. 

Yes, the University will release sample questions at a later date.

We do not offer rolling admissions to the PhD programme. New students are admitted once a year, to begin studying at the start of the Academic Year in July.

Yes, but only in the next academic year. Candidates will have to appear for the NLSAT after applying for the programme in any given year.  

Yes. The University will notify a ‘Campus Open Day’ for you to visit us and familiarize yourself with the campus before applying for any programme through the NLSAT. Follow our website for further updates.

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PhD Law - Course, Eligibility, Admission, Fees, Exam, Syllabus, Jobs, Salary

Ph.D in Law is a doctoral-level programme in legal studies that span three to six-year duration. The curriculum focuses on providing knowledge of the constitutional law of India, legal theory, international law, and various other specialisation and types of law . Candidates with an LLM degree are eligible to apply for these programmes, provided they meet other eligibility as well.

Latest: Top Ph.d Colleges in India

Don't Miss: UGC NET Previous Year Question Papers

Highlights - PhD in Law

Phd in law eligibility criteria, doctorate degree in law admission procedure, doctorate of law entrance exams, phd in law cutoff, doctorate in law degree skills, phd in law syllabus, phd law fees, phd law degree scope, career options after phd law, top recruiters, benefits of studying phd law degree, phd law salary, list of top ph.d. in law colleges in india with fees, top private ph.d. in law colleges in india with fees, top government ph.d. in law colleges in india with fees.

Ph.D is always the preferable choice of candidates interested in pursuing a career as an academician or researcher. UGC-NET, UGC-CSIR NET (including JRF), and GATE are some of the popular PhD Law entrance examinations. Several universities in India offer Ph.D. in Law courses, among them; JNU, JMI, and Delhi University are well regarded.

There is no fixed PhD Law eligibility criteria and it varies across institutions. Generally, a master's degree with minimum marks, along with the passing marks in the entrance exam is required. The minimum marks and entrance exams are not static and universities or colleges hold the right to modify them. The PhD Law eligibility criteria are provided below.

Candidates must have an LLM or equivalent degree with a minimum of 50 per cent marks from a recognised university.

All candidates should complete the pre-PhD course first.

Final-year students can also apply for the course, provided they submit all the documents at the time of admission.

For reserved category candidates, the minimum required marks are 45 per cent.

The admission process for each course can be found on the official website of the provider colleges. Public colleges have a more rigid PhD in Law admission process as compared to private colleges. Below, we have listed the PhD Law application procedure as followed by most universities.

Candidates must pass the required national-level or university-specific entrance exam; UGC-NET, UGC-CSIR NET, GATE, GLAET , or other university-level exam.

They can apply for the course through the official websites of their respective colleges.

Candidates who clear the cutoff of respective colleges will be invited to the next rounds.

For most colleges, personal interviews and group discussions are part of the next round.

The final selection of candidates will be based on their overall performance and total seat intake.

Selected candidates need to pay the course fees and submit the required documents to confirm the selection.

Ph.D. is the highest level degree one can pursue in any specialisation and interested candidates need to go through various exams to gain admission to well-reputed institutions. Below, we have listed important PhD Law entrance exams that facilitate admission to the best colleges in India.

UGC-NET: UGC-NET stands for University Grants Commission–National Eligibility Test and it is facilities twice a year in June and December. It is conducted by the National Testing Agency and provides candidates with the position of Assistant professor in universities across the country as well as with a Junior Research Fellowship.

UGC NET Eligibility Criteria

UGC NET Preparation Tips

UGC NET Syllabus

UGC NET Exam Pattern

UGC-CSIR NET: UGC-CSIR NET stands for University Grants Commission-Council of Scientific and Industrial Research National Eligibility Test and it is conducted by the National Testing Agency. It facilitates admission to Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) programmes across various universities in India. Candidates clearing this exam are eligible to become an assistant professor in any Indian university.

CSIR UGC NET Eligibility Criteria

CSIR NET Exam Pattern

CSIR NET Syllabus

CSIR NET Cut-off

The PhD in Law cutoff is published by providers colleges annually and it depends on various factors. These factors include the difficulty level of the exam, total seat intake, and number of applicants. Also, in public colleges, reservation plays an important role in determining the PhD Law cutoff.

Generally, the cutoff of the reserved category is less compared to general category candidates. Colleges release their PhD Law cutoff for respective entrance exams on their official website, some days after the exam.

A doctorate of law course equips students with various skills such as advanced research, analytical and critical thinking. Expertise in a specific legal area and staying ahead of current legal developments are essential for success in the field. The following listed PhD Law skills are beneficial for candidates during their curriculum, although not mandatory.

Critical Thinking

Legal Research

Academic Writing

Strong Communication

Presentation Skills

The PhD Law curriculum is of three to six years duration and divided into six to twelve semesters respectively. The first semester provides techniques and tools for legal research followed by the necessary skills for conducting research in the second semester. Below, we have compiled the PhD Law subjects taught at GGSIPU Delhi .

The governing body of the institution determines the course fees and includes tuition fees, admission fees, security deposit, and other service charges. The PhD Law fees vary across institutions and public colleges generally have low fees compared to private colleges. The average PhD Law fees range from Rs. 16,800 to Rs. 6.25 lakhs, depending on the choice of college.

A PhD in Law offers diverse career paths, including academia, legal research, policy analysis, and consulting. It provides expertise in specialised areas of law and opens doors to roles in universities, think tanks, government agencies, and international organisations. Graduates can also explore international opportunities if they have specialised in international law .

After graduating with a doctoral law degree, candidates can find employment in both the public and private sectors offering high-paying job roles. Below are some of the most pursued PhD in Law job roles.

Judges : Judges preside over legal proceedings, and interpret and apply the law. They impart decisions or verdicts based on the evidence presented in court.

Legal Advisors : Legal advisors are individuals with high expertise in law and related subjects. They are hired by the government, large companies, and other organisations for legal advice.

Academicians : Academicians are professionals whose primary work involves teaching and research activities. They are specialists in any one subject and are hired by colleges and universities.

Researchers : Researchers are individuals who conduct research and investigate topics of their interest or specialty. They work for any private organisation, government department, or university or conduct their own research.

Lawyers : Lawyers are professionals with high legal knowledge and they can also be called attorneys, solicitors, counsellors, or barristers. They represent their clients in legal proceedings before courts.

Many recruiters in India, both private and public, hire professionals with legal expertise for various roles. Graduating from top law schools will provide students with worthy job roles and a high salary package, allowing them to pursue careers in India as well as abroad.

Hester Bioscience Ltd

Khaitan & Co

Canara Bank

All India Judicial Service

A PhD in Law allows students to explore a specific legal area and opens doors to a career in academia, allowing them to teach, publish research, and contribute to the advancement of legal knowledge. Students will develop strong research skills, critical thinking, and analytical abilities that are valuable in various professional areas.

This legal doctorate degree offers a global perspective on legal issues, especially if students’ research involves international or comparative law . It also equips students with diverse career paths in legal consulting, government advisory roles, think tanks, NGOs, and international organisations.

Various legal PhD Law job roles are available in the current job market, as all organisations sought after professionals with legal knowledge. Below, we have provided the average PhD in Law salary for respective job roles.

Source: Payscale

Hundreds of law schools and universities offer legal PhD, each having its own eligibility and application process. Below, we have compiled the list of top PhD Law colleges in India, as per the NIRF ranking.

Among top providers, several private institutions have established themselves on the list. These institutions offer excellent academic and placement records, along with other facilities. More information on these institutions is provided in the table below.

Government colleges or universities that offer PhD in Law are available in most states in India. In the following table, we have highlighted the best government PhD Law colleges in India, along with their total course fees.

A PhD in law involves in-depth research, academic writing, and the development of expertise in the legal area. This coursework generally involves project, thesis, exams, and collaboration with faculty members. However, it is essential to check the curriculum and requirements first with the institution before applying.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

The Ph.D. in Law programme spans a duration of three to six years.

The curriculum emphasises constitutional law, legal theory, international law, and various specialisations and types of law.

Candidates with an LLM degree or an equivalent master's degree with a minimum of 50 per cent marks are eligible.

UGC-NET, UGC-CSIR NET (including JRF), and GATE are some of the popular entrance exams for Ph.D. in Law.

Candidates must pass a national-level or university-specific entrance exam, followed by personal interviews and group discussions in some cases. The final selection is based on overall performance and total seat intake.

Graduates can pursue careers as Judges, Legal Advisors, Academicians, Researchers, and Lawyers.

The average salary varies depending on the job profile, ranging from Rs. 6.07 LPA for Legal Advisors to Rs. 12.12 LPA for Judges.

Yes, final-year students are eligible to apply for the Ph.D. in Law programme, provided they submit all required documents at the time of admission.

Yes, in public colleges, reservation plays a role in determining the cutoff, with generally lower cutoffs for reserved categories compared to the general category.

Top recruiters include Hester Bioscience Ltd, SEBI, JAG, Reliance, Khaitan & Co, Canara Bank, Tata Group, and All India Judicial Service.

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Questions related to Ph.D

Hello aspirant, Please specify that about which particular college you want to know about. However,

Duration of PhD: The duration of a PhD program in India typically ranges from 3 to 5 years, depending on the nature of the research and the progress made by the candidate.

Fees Structure: The fees for PhD programs can vary significantly among different colleges. It's advisable to check the specific fees structure of the colleges you're considering.

Entrance Exam: The entrance exam required for admission to a PhD program can vary depending on the college.

Additional Tips:

• Research the faculty members and their research interests to find a potential supervisor who aligns with your research goals.
• Attend information sessions or open days organized by the colleges to learn more about the programs and the admission process.
• Prepare well for the entrance exam and interview to increase your chances of admission.
• Explore funding opportunities, such as fellowships or scholarships, to help cover the cost of your PhD studies. I hope you got this.

Here are some options to take into consideration if you're having problems locating previous JNU MPhil/PhD entrance exam papers for Korean on the JNU website:

Academic Divisions: Get in touch with the JNU Department of Language, Literature, and Culture Studies directly. They might be able to direct you to where you can locate past papers or have archives of them.

Library Resources: Consult the libraries in your department or the JNU central library. They can assist you in accessing old exam papers or often maintain records of them.

Student Forums and Groups: Search for JNU-related social media pages or online forums. Former and current students may have access to old papers and frequently share materials.

Online Education Portals: A few educational forums or webpages gather and disseminate previous test results. sites similar to A cademia.

The following procedures are usually involved in the Ph.D. admissions process in zoology:

Procedure for Admission:

Qualifications:

a minimal percentage (typically 55% or similar CGPA) in a Master's degree in zoology or a related subject.

Admission Test:

Candidates must meet the requirements of several universities in order to be admitted, such as the UGC NET or CSIR NET, or other university-specific admission exams.

You can apply in person or online using the university's application portal.

Send in the necessary paperwork, such as recommendation letters, research proposals, and g rade sheets.

Conversation: Candidates that made the short list might need to show up for an interview with the selection committee or faculty. Offer of Admission: Those that are accepted receive an offer of admission and have to finish the registration process. Course Payments: Fee Schedule: Depending on the university, the course costs for a Ph.D. in Zoology might vary significantly, from about INR 20,000 to INR 1,00,000 annually. In comparison to private universities, fees at government universities are typically lower. Additional Costs: Take into account the price of research supplies, lab work, and other related costs. For exact pricing structures and full admissions procedures—which can vary—it is preferable to visit the website of the particular university.

Should your undergraduate degree be unrelated to computer science, as mine was, you ought to pursue an MTech in the field.

Both options are available to you if you hold a BTech in computer science.

Though I will strongly advise you to pursue an MTech just in computer science, you should additionally opt to minor in machine learning or data science, complete electives, and write a dissertation in this field.

Why, I ask you, choice number three? Since your degree's main goal is to give you the most possibilities possible in both the academic and professional worlds. Is an MTech in CS qualified for all positions that an MTech in Data Science is qualified for? So is the revision accurate?

Can an MTech in Data Sc maintain a theoretical position in Computer Sc, software engineering, DBMS, OS, or networking, and maybe pursue PhD chances in related fields? Not at all!

To increase your eligibility while pursuing a degree, strive to widen your field of study. Find the things that you are passionate about while you work towards your degree. Within the MTech CS program, cultivate as much Data Science as you can! In that case, excellent if you become a data scientist! You still have a tonne of options available to you if you are unable to!

Best wishes!

Pursuing BSc in Neuroscience Technology with a focus on neuro diagnosis can still lead to a career in research. Your undergraduate degree provides a solid foundation in neuroscience, and you can build upon that.

To transition into pure neuroscience research, consider the following:

1. Take additional courses in neuroscience, biology, chemistry, and mathematics to strengthen your foundation.

2. Gain research experience through internships, projects, or volunteer work.

3. Network with researchers and academics in the field to learn about opportunities and gain guidance.

4. Pursue an MSc in Neuroscience or a related field to specialize in research.

5. Your PhD can be in Neuroscience or a related field, focusing on research areas like neuroplasticity, neurodevelopment, or neurodegeneration.

Your BSc in Neuroscience Technology can serve as a stepping stone, and with additional education and experience, you can transition into pure neuroscience research.

Some potential research areas for you to explore:

1. Neuroimaging and neuroinformatics

2. Neurophysiology and neuroengineering

3. Neuropharmacology and neurotoxicology

4. Molecular neuroscience and genetics

5. Behavioral neuroscience and psychology

Remember, your career path is not limited by your undergraduate degree. Focus on building your skills, network, and experience, and you can achieve your goals in neuroscience research!

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• School of Law

PhD Law - Course Overview

PhD in Law is the highest academic degree awarded in the study of Law. It is a prestigious and highly sought-after degree for those seeking to pursue a career in legal academia, research, or consultancy. The School of Law offers a doctoral program in Law. The program provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the legal system and its various branches and advanced research skills and methodologies necessary to undertake original research in the field.

With a team of experienced and renowned faculty members, state-of-the-art research facilities, and a vibrant intellectual community, the PhD (Law) program at UPES School of Law offers an excellent platform for students to engage in cutting-edge research and contribute to advancing of legal scholarship. The program duration can range from a minimum of 3 years to a maximum of 6 years.

The School of Law, UPES, was established in 2007 and presently offers UG, PG and PhD programs. UPES is ranked 29 by NIRF (2024) in Law category. School of Law is known for its Academic rigour, innovative teaching pedagogy, industry connections and research. Different programs at all levels include research components. The undergraduate and postgraduate students write dissertations as part of their compulsory credit course. This orients them towards research and writing. Evidence of success in delivering research orientation to our students, is that a good number of students are working for law firms, creating mark in litigation and corporate apart from lot LLM graduates working for many reputed institutions in Academics. Major research areas of our research scholars have been Corporate Law, Intellectual Property , Environmental Law and Cyber Law. UPES SoL is also a favoured destination for industry persons to pursue their research interests. This is because of the industry-relevant research and adequate mentoring is being available. Faculty research has also been a strength at SoL. Most of our faculty members are doctorates, and the rest of the faculty are pursuing their PhD.

School of Law, UPES, is firmly established in its research orientation. Even the UG students write dissertations as part of compulsory credit courses. The dissertation qualifies all research requirements, and students are closely guided and mentored for their dissertations. In the beginning, they are provided workshop-based guidance on research methodology.

PG students are also well guided on research methodology and research tools. Repeated sessions are organised for PG and PhD scholars on RM, use of research tools, databases and research ethics.

Moreover, faculty are also encouraged to publish. SoL also supports its faculty to participate in conferences in India and abroad for high-quality research and development. Research rewards are also provided to promote and facilitate research at the faculty level. Faculty colleagues are encouraged to work towards Research projects and publications through Seed Funding and support from the Research and Development Department of the University.

The Ph.D. program in Law at UPES School of Law is a comprehensive research opportunity that delves into the intricacies of policy formulation, rules, regulations, and the legislative process. The program encourages interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research, fostering exploration in fields with significant potential for advancement. Offered on a full-time or part-time basis, the doctoral program employs a meticulous two-step admission process. Candidates undergo an objective-based entrance test, exempting those who have qualified the UGC NET, followed by a discussion/interview with a panel of experts.

Upon successful admission, scholars embark on a structured academic journey. They must complete coursework examinations within a stipulated timeframe, ensuring a robust academic foundation. The research phase involves an intensive literature review, where scholars explore relevant sources to build a strong theoretical underpinning for their research. Close collaboration with experienced supervisors ensures guidance and feedback throughout this process, ensuring the quality and relevance of the research synopsis. Once the synopsis meets academic standards, it undergoes official approval, marking the transition to the final stage.

The culmination of the Ph.D. journey involves defending the thesis in the presence of expert members. During this defense, scholars present their research findings, methodologies, and conclusions, engaging in a scholarly discussion with the expert panel. This comprehensive approach ensures that scholars not only contribute to the academic discourse but also develop the skills necessary for effective communication and scholarly debate. The program at UPES School of Law thus stands as a rigorous and intellectually stimulating pathway for aspiring scholars to make substantial contributions to the field of law through original and impactful research.

• The Ph.D. in Law program at UPES School of Law prioritizes the development of a robust academic culture, fostering an environment where researchers are empowered to make significant contributions to legal advancements.
• Scholars are encouraged to engage in interdisciplinary research, allowing them to incorporate diverse perspectives and methodologies into their legal studies, enriching the depth and breadth of their research.
• The admissions process involves a comprehensive two-step evaluation, including an entrance test focused on research techniques and legal domains, followed by a panel interview with experts, ensuring a selective and rigorous selection of candidates.
• The Ph.D. in Law program mandates scholars to successfully complete coursework examinations within a stipulated timeframe, establishing a strong academic foundation and equipping them with essential skills for advanced research.
• Close collaboration between scholars and experienced supervisors is emphasized for crafting research synopses, ensuring alignment with academic norms and incorporating valuable insights from extensive literature reviews.
• The program aims to cultivate critical thinking abilities among participants, encouraging the analysis of legal issues, generation of innovative solutions, and active contribution to the progression of legal studies. Academic community engagement further enhances research experiences through participation in seminars, conferences, and workshops.

The Ph.D. in Law program at UPES School of Law is designed to cultivate a cadre of scholars who demonstrate exceptional proficiency in legal research, analysis, and critical thinking. The program's primary education objectives encompass the development of advanced research skills, the ability to contribute substantially to the existing body of legal knowledge, and the cultivation of innovative thinking within the field of law. UPES School of Law aims to nurture doctoral candidates who can engage in interdisciplinary research, addressing complex legal issues that intersect with other domains. Graduates of this program are expected to make significant scholarly contributions, advancing the understanding of legal principles and their practical applications. Moreover, the program emphasizes the development of effective communication and teaching skills, preparing candidates to disseminate their research findings and contribute meaningfully to legal education and practice. Overall, the Ph.D. in Law program at UPES School of Law aspires to produce accomplished legal scholars capable of making substantial intellectual contributions to the legal profession and academia.

The future scope of a Ph.D. in Law is promising, marked by an increasing trend towards interdisciplinary collaboration. Legal scholars are partnering with professionals in technology, economics, sociology, and environmental science to address complex societal issues. Research in legal tech, AI, and blockchain is revolutionizing legal processes, from research to dispute resolution. The globalization trend necessitates experts in international law, including trade law, human rights law, and environmental law. The rising concern for environmental issues boosts demand for specialists in environmental and sustainability law. The digital era introduces challenges in data privacy and cybersecurity, offering employment opportunities in law firms, corporations, and regulatory entities. Advancements in healthcare, biotechnology, and bioethics create a demand for health law experts contributing to policy development and ethical frameworks. Human rights, social justice, and equality remain focal points, with Ph.D. recipients finding opportunities in NGOs, international institutions, and academia. The growing emphasis on corporate responsibility creates a need for scholars with expertise in corporate governance and compliance to navigate complex regulatory landscapes, highlighting the multifaceted and expanding landscape for Ph.D. graduates in Law.

Students must pay the fees within the stipulated time frame to secure their admission into the course. The fee can be paid online or offline through various modes of payment such as credit/debit card, net banking, or demand draft.

Part-time Ph.D.

Rs 1,00,000 per semester

Full-time Ph.D.

75% waiver on Program Semester fee. Program Semester fee after waiver – INR 25000.

A monthly stipend of INR 30000/- is payable to selected full-time PhD scholars.

*All scholarships are payable as per the University’s policy

Click here to know about additional fee payments.

Candidates for admission to the Ph.D. program shall have a Master's degree or a professional degree declared equivalent to the Master’s degree by the corresponding statutory regulatory body, with at least 55% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade 'B' in the UGC 7-point scale (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed) or an equivalent degree from a foreign educational Institution accredited by an Assessment and Accreditation Agency which is approved, recognised or authorised by an authority, established or incorporated under a law in its home country or any other statutory authority in that country to assess, accredit or to assure quality and standards of educational institutions.

A relaxation of 5% in marks, from 55% to 50%, or an equivalent relaxation of grade, may be allowed for those belonging to SC/ST/OBC (non-creamy layer)/Differently-abled and other categories of candidates as per extant UGC Regulations from time to time; or for those who had obtained their Master's degree prior to 19th September 1991.The eligibility marks of 55% (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever the grading system is followed) and the relaxation of 5% to the categories mentioned above are permissible based only on the qualifying marks without including the grace mark procedures.

Click here to download the PhD Admission Details

The PhD (Law) program best suits individuals passionate about legal research and aspiring to become legal scholars, researchers, or consultants. The program is designed to provide students with advanced research skills, critical thinking abilities, and in-depth knowledge of the legal system and its various branches. It is ideal for those seeking a career in legal academia or research.

The program also benefits legal professionals who wish to enhance their research skills and knowledge to become more effective practitioners or consultants in their respective fields. Overall, the Ph.D. (Law) program at UPES School of Law is an excellent choice for individuals who are committed to pursuing a career in legal scholarship and making a significant contribution to the field of law.

The LLM program offered by UPES School of Law provides students with extensive specialised legal knowledge and practical skills, equipping them for success in various legal professions. Focusing on contemporary legal issues and industry requirements, the program covers diverse areas such as Corporate and Commercial Laws, Alternate Dispute Resolution, Intellectual Property Rights, Environmental and Energy Laws, Cyber Security and Digital Laws. The program highlights include a curriculum designed by industry experts, experienced faculty members, interactive teaching methodologies, research opportunities, and exposure to real-world legal scenarios. The program prepares students to excel in their chosen legal fields, enabling them to make a significant impact in the dynamic global legal landscape.

The PhD in Law program at UPES is perfect for those with a clear career goal in mind, as it is a rigorous and demanding program that requires significant time and effort. Postgraduates can pursue a legal academic and research career, with opportunities to work as professors or researchers at universities and research institutions. They can also work as legal consultants or advisors for government agencies, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), or private corporations.

Other career opportunities include working as legal researchers or policy analysts for think tanks or research organisations. Postgraduates may also opt to pursue a career in international organisations or pursue a postdoctoral fellowship to enhance their research skills and knowledge further. Overall, the PhD (Law) program at UPES School of Law offers excellent career prospects for postgraduates in various law and legal practice fields.

The UPES School of Law is a distinguished educational institution that offers high-quality legal education to students aspiring to become successful lawyers, judges, and legal professionals. With a comprehensive curriculum that covers various aspects of law and legal practices, our program is designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills necessary to excel in the legal field. Our team of experienced faculty members is committed to providing excellent education and mentorship to our students. UPES School of Law strives to create a dynamic and inclusive learning environment that fosters critical thinking, intellectual curiosity, and a passion for justice.

The university has received numerous accolades, including a QS 5-star rating for Employability, University of the Year (North India) awarded by ASSOCHAM, and an Accredited Grade 'A' by NAAC. The law courses are co-developed and co-delivered by industry partners, ensuring that students receive a practical education relevant to the current legal landscape. Additionally, the program has academic collaboration with the University of Law, UK, and a tie-up with prestigious law firm Surana & Surana International Attorneys. The university also provides a Masterclasses platform for students to interact with prominent legal professionals and lawyers, and UPES law students have won over 210 awards. Finally, the program offers unmatched global opportunities, ensuring students are well-prepared for the international legal market.

Collecting feedback and reviews from our former students provides valuable insights into the course's quality, faculty, infrastructure, and career prospects.

With a placement record of 80% (approx.), we assure exceptional career opportunities for our students. School of Law, UPES, allures renowned law firms/ corporate houses, ensuring a promising future in law.

Internships are crucial stepping stones toward a thriving legal career for any law graduate. At the School of Law, UPES, we go the extra mile to connect our students with the best internship opportunities available. This enables them to gain practical exposure, hone of their skills, and establish valued alliances in their interned organisations.

At the School of Law, UPES, we believe in nurturing well-rounded individuals, and to boost further chances of securing a dream job, we provide a comprehensive pre-placement boot camp. This specialised training program prepares for Group Discussions (GD) and Personal Interviews (PI), ensuring students shine during placement. Our expert faculty and industry professionals will equip students with the necessary skills and techniques to ace any interview. We are committed to shaping students into confident and accomplished professionals.

Join the School of Law, UPES, today and embark on a transformative journey that propels you toward legal excellence. Immerse yourself in a supportive community, state-of-the-art facilities, and limitless opportunities to excel in the legal profession.

The Ph.D. (Law) Program is a research-oriented doctoral program that offers in-depth knowledge of legal concepts, advanced research skills, and critical thinking abilities. It is designed to equip students with the necessary skills and expertise to undertake original research in the field of law and contribute to legal scholarship.

A relaxation of 5% of marks, from 55% to 50%, or an equivalent relaxation of grade, may be allowed for those belonging to SC/ST/OBC (non-creamy layer)/Differently-abled and other categories of candidates as per extant UGC Regulations from time to time; or for those who had obtained their Master's degree prior to 19th September 1991. The eligibility marks of 55% (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever the grading system is followed) and the relaxation of 5% to the categories mentioned above are permissible based only on the qualifying marks without including the grace mark procedures.

All scholarships are payable as per the University’s policy. Refer to the Ph.D. (Law) program page/Fee for more details.

The Ph.D. (Law) program opens up various career opportunities for graduates, including legal academia, research, and consultancy. Graduates can work as professors, legal advisors, consultants, or researchers in universities, research institutions, think tanks, NGOs, or government agencies.

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Syllabus and eligibility for Ph.D. (Law) Entrance Exams for National Law Universities in India

Table of Contents

National Law School of India University, Bangalore

Eligibility.

• Citizen of India and foreign nationals.
• No age limit.
• Educational qualification – Must be Masters of Law (LL.M. – regular mode) from a recognized University. Must have an aggregate of 55% marks or equivalent grade. There is relaxation in aggregate marks for ST/SC/SAP i.e. 50%.
• Maximum Attempts: 2
• Minimum 2 years of residence in the University, including coursework.
• Minimum 3 Years and maximum 6 Years.
• 9 months of residence in the University for coursework.
• Minimum 4 Years and maximum 6 Years.

If the candidate fails to complete the course within 6 Years his or her registration shall be canceled.

Procedure to apply

• On the release of the application form for a Ph.D., the candidate is required to submit a 10-page research proposal along with the application within the stipulated time.
• 50 marks – Research Aptitude – Objective Type Questions
• 50 marks – Contemporary development in the field of law and society
• 50 marks – Specific questions in Law / MBL / Public Policy / other disciplines
• The candidate shall be short-listed for oral presentation before the panel of an expert on the date specified by the University if he or she scores more than 50% marks on aggregate in the admission test.

Selection process

• The candidate shall be selected after the approval of the oral presentation by the expert panel and other regulations are satisfied.
• In deserving cases, the expert panel has the power to give a second chance to the candidate for oral presentation within a period of 20 days.
• Research proposal;
• Report submitted by the expert panel on the oral presentation.
• The seat will be secured only after the payment of the requisite fee.

Fee Structure

For indian nationals .

For Foreign Nationals 

Format of Research Proposal

• Statement of the problem and the background information on the subject;
• A set of research questions along with Hypothesis and Methodology;
• A Research Design.

National Law University, Delhi

For indian nationals.

• No age limit
• Masters of Law (LL.M. – regular mode) from a recognized University. Must have an aggregate of 55% marks or equivalent grade. There is relaxation in aggregate marks for ST/SC/SAP and for candidates who had obtained their Master’s degree prior to 19th September 1991 i.e. 50%, or
• Bachelor of Law and Master’s Degree in social sciences or humanities from a recognized Indian or Foreign educational institution, with at least 55% marks or equivalent grade, if the research, the candidate wishes to pursue interferes with the discipline of law with a special focus on Public Policy or Law. There is relaxation in aggregate marks for ST/SC/SAP and for candidates who had obtained their Master’s degree prior to 19th September 1991 i.e. 50%, or
• Bachelor of Law and passed the C.S. examination and awarded the Associate Membership by Company Secretaries of India, only if the research the candidate wishes to pursue interferes with the discipline of law, or
• Bachelor of Law and passed the final C.A. examination conducted by Chartered Accountants of India only if the research the candidate wishes to pursue interferes with the discipline of law, or
• Judge of any State High Court with an experience of 3 years as High Court Judge, or
• Judge of Supreme Court of India, or
• Faculty members at National Law University, Delhi with the permission of Vice-Chancellor of National Law University, Delhi, provided that such faculty members fulfill any eligibility criteria.

Foreign Nationals

• Admission through open advertisements – Any foreign national who is interested in Ph.D. Programme from National Law University, Delhi can apply as per the advertisement, or
• Admission of candidates from foreign universities/institutions having MoU with NLUD – Any foreign national who is interested in Ph.D. Programme from National Law University, Delhi and is enrolled for the Ph.D. programme at a foreign university/institute which has MoU with NLUD shall be eligible for admission in Ph.D. and will also be exempted from the entrance examination, or
• Admission of candidates through Study in India and ICCR Programmes – Any foreign national who is interested in the Ph.D. Programme from National Law University, Delhi can apply through Study in India Programme or ICCR Programme of Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India and shall be exempted from the entrance examination. (for more details see, Order of Executive Council on 19th February 2021)
• Minimum 18 months of residence in the University, including 1 semester of course work covering 10 credits.
• Minimum 3 Years and maximum 5 Years.
• Minimum 2 semesters of residence in the University spread over a five-year period, including 1 semester of course work covering 10 credits.
• Judges of High Courts and Supreme Court, other Judicial Officers and officers appointed by UPSC having 10 years of experience shall be exempted from the residence period in the University.

An extension of 1 year can be granted to the candidate if he or she submits such request in writing.

Women candidates with more than 40% disability may be allowed a relaxation of 2 years for the Ph.D. in the maximum duration.

Women candidates shall be given 240 days of Maternity or Child Care Leave.

• The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at NLU Delhi when NLU Delhi releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.
• A written entrance test – Including 50% questions from Research Methodology and 50% questions from different areas of law.
• Research proposal
• Interview or viva-voce

Selection Process

• A candidate must secure 50% in the written examination to be eligible for the second stage of selection.
• The University shall shortlist candidates equal to three times the number of available seats for the second stage of selection.
• The shortlisted candidates must score 50% in the evaluation of research proposals and interview to qualify for the final selection.
• The research proposal shall be evaluated by the Doctoral Committee with the assistance of the Research Advisory Committee.
• The finalized candidates shall be approved by the Vice-Chancellor as per the recommendation of the Doctrinal Committee and their name, topic of research, name of Supervisor/ Co-supervisor, and date of enrollment shall be listed on the website of the University.
• The JRF and SRF holders will be considered and approved by the Doctrinal Committee.

• Fee structure for Foreign Nationals will be issued soon separately.

National Academy of Legal Study and Research University of Law, Hyderabad

• Must be Master of Law or must possess an equivalent degree in Law, Management or Humanities or other cognate disciplines from a recognized University or Institute with more than 55% marks or equivalent grade, or
• Passed the C.S. examination and awarded the Associate Membership by Company Secretaries of India, or
• Passed the final C.A. examination conducted by Chartered Accountants of India, or
• Passed final examination of Institute of Cost Accountants of India, or
• Judge of any State High Court in India with three years experience or Judge of Supreme Court of India.
• Minimum 18 months of residence in the University.
• Maximum 3 Years.
• Full time enrolled candidates may assist in teaching or research activities of the University.
• The candidate may be granted a 1 year extension for the completion of the thesis by the Research Committee.
• If the candidate fails to complete the requirements of the degree, he or she will be required to convert their enrolment into part-time.
• Minimum 4 years and maximum 6 years.

Procedure to Apply

• The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at the University when NALSAR University releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.
• A written entrance test – Including 50 marks from Research Methodology and writing skills and 50 marks from different areas of law, social sciences and humanities or management.
• Research proposal of 1500 to 2000 words
• Candidates with JRF or SRF are exempted from written examination.
• The candidate must score 50% in the entrance examination to qualify for the second stage of the selection process.
• The candidates whose preliminary proposals are cleared in the plagiarism test will be required to attend an interview before the Research Committee of the University.
• If the candidate fails to crack the interview, may be given one more chance to present his research proposal on the recommendation of the Research Committee.

The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata

• Must have a Master degree from a recognized University or Institute with more than 55% marks or equivalent grade.
• Minimum 2 years of residence in the University, including 16 months coursework.
• The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at NUJS when NUJS releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.
• A written entrance test – The test will be of 100 marks with 3 hours duration.
• Research Methodology,
• Comparative Public Law,
• System of Governance, and
• Law and Justice in a Globalizing World.
• Candidates with NET/JRF/SLET/SET are exempted from written examination.
• Candidates with M.Phil degree from a recognized university are exempted from written examination.
• Candidates cleared M.Phil Course Work or completed M.Phil degree from NUJS are excepted from written examination and interview, i.e. they can directly proceed with their research work.
• A candidate must obtain 50% of marks in written examination to proceed towards the next level.
• The interview of shortlisted candidates shall be conducted by the Research Advisory Committee and the candidate must obtain 50% marks in the interview to get selected.

National Law Institute University, Bhopal

• D. in Law – Candidate must be Masters of Law with 55% of aggregate marks or equivalent grade from recognised University or Institute, or
• D. in Cyber Law and Information Security – Candidate must be LL.M. or MCLIS or M.S. or M.Sc. or M.Tech. or equivalent degree with 55% of aggregate marks or equivalent grade from recognized University or Institute, or
• D. (Interdisciplinary) – Bachelors of Law with post graduate degree in any discipline with 55% of aggregate marks or equivalent grade from recognized University or Institute.
• Minimum 4 Years and maximum 6 Years
• The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at NLIU, Bhopal when NLIU, Bhopal releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.
• A written entrance test – The test will be of 100 marks.
• Constitutional Law
• Jurisprudence
• Research Methodology
• International Law
• Human Rights Law
• Business Law
• Intellectual Property Law
• Environmental Law
• Criminal Law
• Information Security
• Fundamentals of Information Technology

National Law University, Jodhpur

• Educational Qualification – Candidate must be Masters of Law with 55% of aggregate marks or equivalent grade from recognised University or Institute.
• Minimum duration of 3 years including Course Work and maximum 6 years.
• Women candidates (in addition to one Maternity Leave or Child Care Leave of 240 days.)
• Special Abilities Persons with more than 40% disability.
• An extension of 1 year may be granted to the candidate by the Vice-Chancellor on the basis of a written request by the candidate.
• The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at NLU, Jodhpur when NLU, Jodhpur releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.
• Constitutional and Administrative Law
• International Law and International Humanitarian Law
• Law of Crimes
• Law of Torts and Consumer Protection
• Commercial Law
• Environment and Human Rights Law
• Intellectual Property Right and Information Technology
• Comparative Public Law and Systems of Governance

Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur

• The Ph.D. programme is only full time with a 2 years minimum period including residence for the course work and maximum period of 5 years.
• The Ph.D. scholars may be required to take teaching assignments and render help as may be required in the academic and co-curricular activities of the University.
• The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at HNLU, Raipur when HNLU, Raipur releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.
• A written entrance test

Gujarat National Law University, Gandhinagar

• Candidates must be Master of Law with aggregate 55% marks or equivalent grade from a recognised University or Institute, or
• Candidates who have completed M.Phil. with aggregate 55% marks or equivalent grade or is in process of completing M.Phil degree or have degree equivalent to M.Phil from a recognized University or Institute, or
• Candidates who have a Masters degree in the discipline (Social sciences, Science & technology and Commerce & management) with aggregate 55% marks or equivalent grade from a recognized University or Institute, provide that he or she wishes to pursue interfaces with law and policy, or
• Candidates who are not Bachelor of Law and pursuing Ph.D. in other disciplines can undergo a foundation course in Law.
• Minimum 2 years and maximum 4 years.
• Minimum 3 years and maximum 5 years
• The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at GNLU, Gandhinagar when GNLU, Gandhinagar releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.
• Research Methodology – MCQs and descriptive questions (20 + 40 = 60 Marks)
• Teaching Aptitude – MCQs of 20 Marks
• English Language – MCQs of 20 Marks
• Other disciplines – Syllabus is based on the fundamentals of the subject in which the candidate has obtained a master’s degree.
• Interview or viva-voce – The interview shall be conducted by the Doctoral Committee of the University.
• Candidates with NET/JRF/SLET or have passed M.Phil. programme or have teaching fellowship are exempted from written examination.
• Foregin Candidates may be exempted from the entrance examination based on the recommendations of the Doctoral Committee of the University.
• The candidate possesses the competence for the proposed research,
• The research work can be suitably undertaken at the Institution or College, and
• The proposed area of research can contribute to new or additional knowledge.
• Candidates can apply for the provisional registration after the selection is done and the fee is paid at the university.

Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow

• Candidates who have a Masters degree in the discipline of Social sciences, Science and Humanities with aggregate 55% marks or equivalent grade from a recognized University or Institute, provided that he or she wishes to pursue interfaces with law and policy.
• Minimum 3 years and maximum 6 years from the date of admission.
• On request by the candidate and on the recommendation of the Research Degree Committee the Vice-Chancellor of the University may grant relaxation in the Ph.D. duration.
• The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya NLU, Lucknow when Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya NLU, Lucknow releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.
• Nature and Purpose of Research
• Qualitative Research
• Research Strategies
• Finding Material in a Library
• Selection of Research Topic
• Research Design
• Computer-Assisted Research
• Writing of Research Report Mode of Citation and Bibliography
• Constitutional Law of India
• Legal Theory
• Public International Law and Human Rights
• Law of Contracts
• Law of Torts
• Law of Crimes – General Principles
• Written abstract for the proposed research.
• Interview or viva-voce (30 marks) – The interview shall be conducted by the Interview Board of the University.
• Candidates with JRF are exempted from written examination.
• The candidate possesses the competence of the proposed research work.
• The proposed area of research work can contribute to new or additional knowledge.
• Higher marks in the Master’s Degree
• Higher marks in the Undergraduate degree.
• Higher in age.

Fee Structure 

Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law, Patiala

• Master of Law from recognized university with a minimum of 55% of marks or equivalent grade, or
• Candidates having M.Phil. degree in Law with B+ grade or equivalent marks from recognized university, or
• Candidates who have a Masters degree in the discipline of Social sciences, English Language and Literature and Humanities with aggregate 55% marks or equivalent grade from a recognized University or Institute, provide that he or she wishes to pursue interfaces with law and policy, or
• Judge or any High Court or Supreme Court Judge or eminent jurist in the field of law.
• Minimum 3 years and maximum 6 years from the date of admission (Both for part time and full time Ph.D.)

The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at RGNUL, Patiala when RGNUL, Patiala releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.

• Part – I – Research Methodology – 20 Marks (MCQs)
• Part – II – Research Methodology – 30 Marks – 2 Subjective Questions (15 Marks each)
• Part – III – Law – 40 Marks – 2 Subjective Questions (20 Marks each).
• Part – IV – 50 Marks – Essay on Proposed topic
• Understanding Research
• Major Steps in Research (Part – I)
• Major Steps in Research (Part – II)
• Law Reforms and Legal Research
• Concept and Dimensions of Comparative Public Law
• Comparative Constitutional Law
• Comparative Administrative Law
• Public Law and Liberties
• Interview or viva-voce (60 Marks)
• The JRF holders will be marked out of 100 i.e. 70 marks for the essay and 30 marks for the interview.
• The interview of shortlisted candidates shall be conducted by the Doctoral Committee of the University.
• After passing the interview the candidate can secure his or her enrollment by paying the requisite fee.

Chanakya National Law University, Patna

• Candidates who have a Masters degree in the discipline of Social sciences, English Language and Literature and Humanities with aggregate 55% marks or equivalent grade from a recognized University or Institute, provide that he or she wishes to pursue interfaces with law and policy.
• Judge of any High Court and Supreme Court, or
• Practicing Advocate any High Court or Supreme Court with 10 years of experience, or
• Candidate having masters degree in Social Science or Science with 3 years of teaching or research experience in any University Department or Research Institution or P.G. College or institution affiliated to a recognized University.
• Minimum 3 years and maximum 6 years.

The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at CNLU, Patna when CNLU, Patna releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.

• Along with the application form the candidate must submit a research proposal, outlining the theme of the research work with research methodology and chapter-wise breakup of the proposed work in 2000 words.
• Research Aptitude
• General English
• Law (or specified subject)
• Interview (50 Marks)
• General and Legal awareness (10 Questions of 1 mark each)
• Research Aptitude Test (10 Questions of 1 mark each)
• Research Methodology (10 Questions of 4 marks each)
• Research Design (2 Questions of 5 marks each)
• General Issues on Social Justice and Human Rights (5 Questions of 1 mark each)
• Socio-economic – legal issues (Interdisciplinary) (5 Question of 2 marks each)
• Comprehension (English Test) (5 marks)
• Paragraph (English) writing (500 words maximum) (5 marks)
• Precise Writing (English) (5 marks)
• Part – E (Subject Specified) – 50 Marks
• Clear and definitive statement of the problem and related concepts.
• Aims and objects of research
• Hypothesis of the study
• Review of Literature
• Methodology of the study
• Thesis outline

Judges of the High Courts and Supreme Court are exempted from the entrance test.

National University of Advanced Legal Studies, Kochi

• Master of Law from recognized university with a minimum of 55% of marks or equivalent grade.
• The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at NUALS, Kochi when NUALS, Kochi releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.
• Who have qualified UGC – JRF or NET Lectureship examination.
• Foreign candidates, who have been sponsored by Government of India under Scholarship Scheme for undergoing Ph.D. programme in India
• Interview by the Admission Committee consisting of the members of the Research Committee and such other members nominated by the Chairman, Research Committee.

National Law University Odisha, Cuttack

• Candidates having a degree of Masters of Law with 55% of aggregate marks or equivalent grade from a recognized University or Institute, or
• Candidate having Masters degree in Social Sciences, Humanities or Management from a recognized recognised university with aggregate 55% marks or equivalent grade and 2 years of teaching experience or Ph.D. in any discipline.
• Minimum 3 years and maximum 6 years
• Minimum 28 months of residence at the University spread over 3 years. Such candidates shall assist in academic work in the University and shall be given stipend.
• No minimum period and 6 years maximum period to defend Ph.D.
• Minimum 28 months of residence at the University spread over the period between the registration as Ph.D. scholar and submission of the thesis.
• The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at NLUO, Cuttack when NLUO, Cuttack releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.
• Interview by Doctoral Committee consisting of internal and external experts constituted by the Vice Chancellor.

National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi

• The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at NUSRL, Ranchi when NUSRL, Ranchi  releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.

National Law University and Judicial Academy, Assam

• Candidate having Masters degree in Social Sciences, Humanities or Sciences from a recognized recognised university with aggregate 55% marks or equivalent grade, or
• District and Session Judge or equivalent with 5 years of experience, or
• Judge of any High Court with 2 years experience, or
• Passed the C.S. examination and awarded the Associate Membership by Company Secretaries of India, if the candidate wishes to pursue his or her research in law with a special focus on public policy or law, or
• The candidate whose final result of qualifying examination is awaited for any reason shall be allowed to appear in the entrance test. Such candidates will be allowed to present his or her research proposal only after successfully defending the qualifying examination.
• No minimum period for defending Ph.D., whereas the maximum period is 3 years.
• The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at NLUJA, Assam when NLUJA, Assam releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.
• Statement of problem
• Research outlines
• Set of research questions
• Proposed research methodology
• Survey of literature
• 25 MCQs (1 mark each)
• 10 short descriptive questions (5 marks each), out of which candidates have to attempt any 5 questions.
• Contract Law
• Personal Laws
• Corporate Law
• UGC – JRF/NET qualified candidates are exempted from admission tests.
• Interview beforeResearch Committee.
• A candidate must obtain 55% of marks in written examination to proceed towards the next level.
• The interview of shortlisted candidates shall be conducted by the Research Committee and if the candidate passes the interview, he or she will be eligible to get enrolled as Ph.D. scholar at the University.

Maharashtra National Law University, Mumbai

• Candidates having M.Phil. degree in Law with B+ grade or equivalent marks from recognized university.
• The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at MNLU, Mumbai when MNLU, Mumbai releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.
• literature review
• Legal Research Methodology
• Law subjects
• The candidate processes the competence for the proposed research.
• The research work can be suitably undertaken at the University.
• The final selection shall be made by the Postgraduate and Research Department (P.G. & R).

Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur

• Masters of Law in regular mode from a recognized University or Institute with not less than 55% aggregate marks or equivalent grade, or
• Masters in the discipline of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Sciences in regular mode from a recognized University or Institute with not less than 55% aggregate marks or equivalent grade, provided that the candidate wishes to pursue research interfacing with public policy or law, or
• Judge of any High Court with 3 years experience, or
• The faculty members of the Maharashtra National Law University, Nagpur can also pursue Ph.D. from the University with the permission of Vice-Chancellor.
• Compulsory 12 months residence in the University for the course work.
• Compulsory residence of 12 months in the University spread over a 4 year period.
• A research scholar may be given a 6 months to 1 year extension on request by the Research Committee.
• In some cases on the recommendation of the Academic Council, Supervisor and the Research Committee the Executive Council may grant a 1 year to 2 years extension to the research scholar to defend his or Ph.D..

Procedure to Apply/ Selection Process

• The interested candidate can apply for the Ph.D. programme at MNLU, Nagpur when MNLU, Nagpur releases the application form and the number of seats available for the programme.
• After successful submission of the application form, there shall be an All India Entrance Test (AIET) for Ph.D. Degree programme. The format of the AIET is –
• Legal and Logical reasoning
• Critical legal thinking
• Legal language
• Comprehension exhibited by the candidate
• UGC – NET, JRF, CSIR, SLET, GATE, M.Phil qualified candidates.
• Serving Judges of the High Court or Supreme Court with minimum 3 years of experience in judgeship.
• Candidate who has already obtained Ph.D. Degree in any discipline.
• Research outline
• Expected outcomes of the research
• The Research Committee will evaluate the candidates based on the Research Proposal submitted and shortlisted candidates shall be called for the final round, i.e. Interview.
• The candidates who successfully crack the interview will be admitted to the Ph.D. Degree Programme.

• General Note for all NLUs : The Fee Structure may vary.
• General Note for all NLUs : The research proposals are subject to Plagiarism check. Research Proposal with more than 10% to 15% plagiarism will be rejected.
• General Note for all NLUs : The provisional enrollment in Ph.D. Programme will become permanent enrollment after successful completion of Course Work.
• https://www.nls.ac.in/programme/phd-in-law/
• https://nludelhi.ac.in/download/ailet-2021/PhD%20regulation_15042021.pdf
• https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ty_suPfl1IQ5loMA17g1aTNATtQPyoTE/view
• https://nujs.edu/downloads/rules/nujs-regulations-phd-2017.pdf
• https://www.nliu.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/PhDNotification-updated.pdf
• http://nlujodhpur.ac.in/uploads/13551705100157.pdf
• https://gnlu.ac.in//Content/gnlu/pdf/phd-programme/Regulations-governing-the-award-of-the-Degree-of-Doctor-of-Philosophy-PhD-2016.pdf
• http://www.rmlnlu.ac.in/pdf/Important-Instructions_061120.pdf
• http://www.rmlnlu.ac.in/pdf/Syllabus-Research-Methodology_061120.pdf
• http://www.rmlnlu.ac.in/pdf/Syllabus-Law_061120.pdf
• https://rgnul.ac.in/PDF/ebb46196-2e9a-41a4-8456-9e94bea33e8f.pdf
• https://rgnul.ac.in/PDF/29327048-39a7-4418-aeca-650de47a22e6.pdf
• https://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/4952604_UGC-(M.PHIL.-PH.D-DEGREES)-REGULATIONS,-2016.pdf
• https://rgnul.ac.in/PDF/8f2c46a5-ede2-46d3-b1ab-f88a86fa2972.pdf
• http://cnlu.ac.in/2021/Research/Syllabus%20of%20Entrance%20Test.pdf
• http://cnlu.ac.in/2021/Research/Ph.D.%20and%20D.%20Phil.pdf
• http://cnlu.ac.in/2021/Research/Synopsis.pdf
• https://www.nuals.ac.in/common/543NUALS%20REGULATION%20-%20DEGREE%20OF%20DOCTOR%20OF%20PHILOSOPHY,%202016.pdf
• https://www.nluo.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/National-Law-University-Odisha-Doctor-of-Philosophy-Program.pdf
• http://nluassam.ac.in/docs/Ph.D%20Notification%202020-21.pdf
• http://mnlumumbai.edu.in/pdf/PhDRegulations.pdf
• https://www.nlunagpur.ac.in/PDF/PHD/MNLUPHD%209-6-17.pd

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PhD in Law: Fees: Admission, Eligibility, Syllabus, Jobs, Salary

PhD in law is a 3 year doctorate degree that specializes you in the law study. You can complete this course within a maximum time span of 5 years. PhD in law trains you to lead the judiciary, academic, government, business and other alike sectors. The course curriculum is divided into 4 semesters.

To pursue PhD in law you must possess the minimum qualification i.e. either you have to appear for the entrance test or you should have a minimum of 55% in masters degree in law or social science. 

You can also opt for a PhD in law course from distance learning. There are no. of colleges offering PhD in law from correspondence like IGNOU . After the course completion, ample lucrative job opportunities are available to you in both the government and private sector. 

• PhD in Law: Courses Highlights
• What is a PhD in Law Courses?

Why Study PhD in Law?

• PhD in Law Admission Process

4.1   Eligibility Criteria

4.2   Entrance Exams

4.3   How to Prepare for a PhD in Law Entrance Exam?

• Course Comparison

5.1   PhD in Law vs LLD

PhD in Law: Top Colleges

6.1   Comparison of Different PhD in Law Colleges

PhD in Law: Syllabus

Phd in law: distance education, phd in law: career prospects.

• PhD in Law: FAQs

PhD in Law: Course Highlights

What is a PhD in Law Course?

• PhD in Law is a course that focuses on both civil and criminology law. 
• This course helps you to have a strong grip on application of law in different legal situations. 
• This course involves both research and academic approach to the law study.
• If you are interested in learning more about human rights, criminal justice, urban planning and other law related issues, then you should go for a PhD in law course.

A candidate has to come through various research works, coursework, teaching, to attain the PhD in Law degree.

There are several advantages to pursuing the degree of PhD in law.

• Having a PhD degree in law, makes you capable of teaching the subject at university level. Also, you can promote the development of this field. 
• The program of PhD in Law is created to make the students pursue their career in this subject they can either study or teach jurisprudence. 
• PhD is the highest educational qualification one can attain. Also having a degree in law, you can access multiple job options. Merging these two, having a PhD degree in Law will make you an expert in this field, giving a lot of career and job options.
• There are various educational institutes who welcome applications from those aspirants who have a knack in researching interdisciplinary fields. Having this degree in your qualification helps them to attain advanced training in those other fields, promoting well rounded education.
• Having this degree enables you to do a lot of research work as well as attending conferences. This conferences help an individual to make more sources and contacts with professionals of a different field.

PhD in Law: Admission Process

There are some of the common entrance tests for admission in PhD in law courses that are widely accepted by the institutes. To apply for admission application submission in a particular institute you need to follow the below given steps:

• Visit the official page of the institution and go through all the details related to PhD in law admissions.
• Next step is to fill the application form, upload all required documents as per the guidelines and then make the fee payment.
• Submit your research proposal with the application form if asked by that particular institute.

These research proposals are asked for a scrutiny process. After the scrutiny, and the result declaration of entrance exams, they prepare a merit list and then shortlist candidates who then appear for GD and PI sessions (if any). 

PhD in Law: Eligibility Criteria

In order to pursue PhD in law, you should meet the below mentioned eligibility criteria:

• A minimum of 55% marks in master's degree in either law or in social science stream.
• There is a 5% relaxation too for SC/ST and physically disabled categories of the society. 

The qualifying percentage may differ from institute to institute. Apart from this, you also have to appear for common entrance exams conducted at National and University level.

PhD in Law: Entrance Exams

Many of the colleges offering PhD in law have their own entrance examinations. Few of those exams are listed below:

AILET 2021: AILET (All India Law Entrance Test) is the exam conducted by National Law university (NLU) to offer admissions to law aspirants in UG, PG and doctorate courses. Important dates regarding AILET application process are mentioned below:

Some of the colleges/universities accept CLAT scores too.

CLAT 2021: Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) 2021, is the centralised law exam offering admissions in law colleges for UGand PG degrees. Important dates for the same are given below:

Other exams you can appear for admissions in PhD in law course are:

SLET and others

How to Prepare for a PhD in Law Entrance Examination?

Generally, a PhD in law entrance examination consists of 5 sections that are listed below:

• GK and Current Affairs
• Mathematics
• Legal Aptitude

Logical Reasoning

You need to work hard to make these sections as your strong and scoring points. 

As a PhD is the highest degree certification so it needs special preparation for qualifying. Few points you can take care of while preparing for the exams are as follows:

• Start preparing for these entrance exams in advance because these exams are tough in nature. These exams need a proper time span for preparation.
• There are 5 sections in this entrance exam, you need to prepare them section wise by preparing separate notes for each one of them.
• Create a study plan for yourself that can be executed successfully.
• Use fewer books to study, as lots of books create more confusion and panic.
• Don’t waste time on difficult questions, finish those questions first in which you are really good.

PhD in Law Course Comparison

Check out the course comparison of PhD in law courses, with other related courses.

PhD in Law Vs LLD

PhD in Law stands for Doctor of Philosophy in Law and LLD stands for Doctor of Law. Both the courses are based on in-depth research. It depends on your interest which course you would like to pursue. Below are some of the key differences between PhD in law and LLD:

Some of the top universities according to the Outlook Magazine Ranking for pursuing PhD in Law is described in the table below:

Comparison of Different PhD in Law Colleges

The core subjects that the PhD in Law syllabus covers are listed below:

Course 3 involves the seminars and presentations in the area of specialization. This course is optional and provides you with a list of areas of specializations including Cyber law, Environment law, Human Rights, Public International law and alike. Course 4 includes the seminars and presentations in the area of research.

PhD in law is one of those doctorate courses that can be pursued from distance learning. There are no. of good and top ranked colleges that are offering PhD in law courses from correspondence or part time. The most interesting subject about this course is that, in India PhD in law offers a course in cyber law and corporate law. Listed below are few of the top colleges that offer Phd in law course from distance learning:

A PhD in law graduate who has successfully completed the course can get a job in almost all the sectors in India. They can also apply for government jobs. Few of the job prospects are discussed below with their job roles:

PhD in Law FAQs

Ques: What is the duration of PhD in law course?

Ans: The course duration is 3 years. You can complete the course in a maximum time span of 5 years.

Ques: Can an aspirant pursue PhD from distance learning?

Ans: Though Phd can’t be done from distance learning but PhD in law is the exception course that can be pursued from correspondence.

Ques: What courses are similar to PhD in law?

Ans: Courses that are related to or are similar to PhD in law course are LLD (Doctor of Law) and M.Phil in law.

Ques: What are the career prospects after completion of PhD in law course?

Ans: An aspirant can be an author, lawyer, judge or apply for notary position too.

Ques. What is the purpose of a PhD in Law degree?

Ans. The significant purpose of PhD in Law is to administer a thorough and rich foundation in research, legal theory, jurisprudence, methodologies, policy, and dissertation preparation.

Ques. Which is higher in between JD and PhD?

Ans. Comparing the two, a PhD degree is a bit hard. In JD, candidates are able to finish the course with ease, as it takes only 3 years to complete. On the other hand, PhD is a minimum of 5 to 6 years of program, where in the second phase candidates have to work harder and do original research.

Ques. What is the highest degree in Law?

Ans. The highest degree in LAW one can attain is Doctorate of Judicial Science (SJD).

Ques. What is the difference between JD and PhD?

Ans. PhD is research doctorate and JD is professional doctorate. PhD consists of less work, whereas in JD you will find almost every exclusive course.

Ques. Can anyone pursue a PhD in Law, after doing LLB?

Ans. No. One who completed LLB will not be able to do a PhD in Law. Only if a candidate does LLM, he or she is eligible to pursue the course.

Ph.D. (Law)

• Course Overview

M.Phil. (Law)

Doctor of laws [ll.d.].

• Career Options & Jobs

Ph.D. (Legal Studies)

National Law School of India University - [NLSIU]

Bangalore , Karnataka

National Law University - [NLU]

New Delhi , Delhi NCR

The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences - [NUJS]

Kolkata , West Bengal

Jodhpur , Rajasthan

Symbiosis Law School - [SLS]

Pune , Maharashtra

Faculty of Law Jamia Millia Islamia University

Rajiv Gandhi National University of Law - [RGNUL]

Patiala , Punjab

National Law Institute University - [NLIU]

Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh

Indian Law Institute - [ILI]

Dr Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University - [RMLNLU]

Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh

Andhra University, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar College of law

Visakhapatnam , Andhra Pradesh

Faculty of Law, University of Delhi

Subscribe to our news letter.

Eligibility for Admission

National Law University Delhi offers the following Ph.D. Programmes:

• Ph.D. Degree in Law

Ph.D. Degree in Social Sciences viz., Political Science, Sociology, Criminology, Economics, and English

Ph.d. degree in law : eligibility for admission for ph.d. in law for indian nationals.

• A Master's degree in Law or a professional degree declared equivalent to the Master’s degree in Law by the corresponding statutory regulatory body, with at least 55% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade 'B' in the UGC 7-point scale (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed) or an equivalent degree from a foreign educational institution accredited by an Assessment and Accreditation Agency which is approved, recognized or authorized by an authority, established or incorporated under a law in its home country or any other statutory authority in that country for the purpose of assessing, accrediting, or assuring quality and standards of educational institutions.
• Obtained a degree in law and Master’s Degree in social sciences or humanities from any recognised educational institution, Indian or a foreign educational institution accredited as per UGC Regulations, with at least 55% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade 'B' in the UGC 7-point scale (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed). Provided that candidates with qualifications in social sciences and humanities may be admitted to the programme if the research they wish to pursue interfaces with the discipline of law with a special focus on Public Policy or Law. For the above two categories, a relaxation of 5% of marks, from 55% to 50%, or an equivalent relaxation of grade, may be allowed for those belonging to SC/ST/OBC (non-creamy layer)/ Differently-Abled/ Economically Weaker Section) candidates and other categories of candidates, as per the decisions of the UGC from time to time, or for those who had obtained their Master's degree prior to 19th September, 1991. The eligibility marks of 55% (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed) and the relaxation of 5% to the categories mentioned above are permissible based only on the qualifying marks without including the grace mark procedures.
• Degree in law and passed the Company Secretary examination conducted by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India and awarded the Associate Membership of the Institute shall be eligible for admission to the programme, if the research they wish to pursue interfaces with the discipline of law.
• Degree in law and passed the final examination of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India shall be eligible for admission to the programme, if the research they wish to pursue interfaces with the discipline of law.
• Judge of any State High Court in India with three years’ experience or Judge of Supreme Court of India.
• Obtained a Bachelor’s Degree and Master’s Degree in relevant Social Sciences or humanities from any recognised educational institution, Indian or a foreign educational institution accredited as per UGC Regulations, with at least 55% marks in aggregate or its equivalent grade 'B' in the UGC 7-point scale (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed). A relaxation of 5% of marks, from 55% to50%, or an equivalent relaxation of grade, may be allowed for those belonging to SC/ST/OBC (non-creamy layer)/ Differently-Abled/Economically Weaker Section) candidates and other categories of candidates, as per the decisions of the UGC from time to time, or for those who had obtained their Master's degree prior to 19th September, 1991. The eligibility marks of 55% (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed) and the relaxation of 5% to the categories mentioned above are permissible based only on the qualifying marks without including the grace mark procedures.

The Vice Chancellor may also permit a NLUD faculty member to enroll for the Ph.D. programme along with the teaching assignment of the concerned faculty member in the interest of faculty improvement on the condition that teaching and other responsibilities of the faculty member are not hampered in any way provided such candidates fulfill the conditions prescribed in the Ph.D. Regulations.

Eligiblity criteria for admission of Foreign Nationals

• Admission through Study in India : A foreign national may apply for enrolment in Ph.D. programme through Study in India Programme of Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. The candidates shall have sufficient proficiency in English language. Foreign nationals are exempted from the entrance examination conducted by NLUD for Ph.D. enrolment. All other requirements for admission which are applicable to Indian nationals shall be applicable to foreign nationals also. The number of seats available for foreign nationals will be decided by the university on year-to-year basis. In the event of non-availability of suitable candidates, NLUD reserves the right not to fill up the seats and if required, these seats shall be converted to any other categories of Ph.D. admission for foreign nationals. Candidate will be required to pay the fees applicable to foreign nationals under R. 4A.
• Admission through ICCR : A foreign national may apply for enrolment in Ph.D. programme through ICCR Programme of Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. The candidates shall have sufficient proficiency in English language. Foreign nationals are exempted from the entrance examination conducted by NLUD for Ph.D. enrolment. All other requirements for admission which are applicable to Indian nationals shall be applicable to foreign nationals also. The number of seats available for foreign nationals will be decided by the university on year-to-year basis and will be within the seats fixed by the university for ICCR. In the event of non-availability of suitable candidates, NLUD reserves the right not to fill up the seats and if required, these seats may be converted to any other categories of Ph.D. admission for foreign nationals. Fee applicable to candidates under this category will be at par with Indian Ph.D. scholars. For the purpose of this regulation, a foreign national shall mean a candidate who possesses citizenship of a country other than India and holds a valid passport.
• For admissions under Study in India and ICCR category, the Vice- Chancellor reserves the right to provide extended time period for completing the admission procedure. Extension up to 2 years may be provided by the Vice- Chancellor on case-to-case basis.
• A foreign national, who is interested in enrolling for the Ph.D. programme at NLU Delhi, and is currently enrolled for Ph.D. programme at a foreign university/institution having MoU with NLU Delhi, may be allowed to be registered for Ph.D. programme at NLU Delhi subject to the condition that one supervisor will be from NLU Delhi and one from the parent foreign university/institution of the candidate. Such a candidate will be exempted from appearing in the entrance test, subject to the condition that the candidate fulfils the other minimum eligibility conditions.
• The Vice-Chancellor will be the competent authority to allow registration of such candidates on case-to-case basis, on the recommendations of the Doctoral Committee.
• The candidate will be required to visit NLU Delhi for Viva-Voce to defend the thesis as per NLU Delhi Ph.D. Regulations.
• The fee for the programme shall be in accordance with the terms and conditions of the MoU between NLU Delhi and the concerned foreign university/ institute.
• No separate Ph.D. degree of NLU Delhi will be awarded in such cases. A joint degree may be awarded, if required under the MOU.

For the purpose of this regulation, a foreign national shall mean a candidate who possess citizenship of a country other than India and holds a valid passport of Foreign Country.

The Ph.D in Law programme is designed for post-graduate students who wish to advance their studies through research in law.

The programme offers candidates an opportunity to contribute to the academic field in their chosen areas of study. ?As a part of the programme, candidates are also provided an opportunity to teach or participate in ongoing research at TNNLU, in areas related to their dissertation, allowing for deeper integration with the NLSIU community and providing diverse feedback opportunities.

TNNLU - Ph.D ADMISSION - TNNLU's Ph.D Regulations 2021

TNNLU - Ph.D. Scholars List - 2022

Eligibility for Admission to the Ph.D. Programme  

The Candidates seeking admission for the Ph.D. programme shall meet any of the following requirements as to the eligibility:  

• The Candidate should have a Master's degree in Law or an equivalent professional degree approved by the Bar Council of India or the UGC, from time to time, with at least 55% of marks in aggregate or an equivalent grade in a UGC Grade point scale wherever any grading system is followed. A relaxation of 5% of marks, that is, from 55% to 50%, or an equivalent relaxation of grade may be allowed for those belonging to SC/ST/OBC (non-creamy layer) or ‘Differently Abled’ and such other candidates as may be notified by the UGC and Government of Tamil Nadu from time to time, or for those who had obtained their Master's degree before 19th September 1991”. Or
• Explanation: the eligibility marks of 55% (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed) and the relaxation of 5% to the categories mentioned in Regulation 2.1. (a) and (b) are considered solely for qualifying marks without including the grace mark procedures]. Or
• The candidate should have a law degree (LL.B.) [through the regular mode] as well as passed the Company Secretary Examination conducted by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India and shall have the Associate Membership of the Institute. Importantly, the research proposed by such a candidate should be inter-disciplinary in its design and approach. Or
• The candidate should have a law degree (LL.B.) [through the regular mode] and additionally passed the final examination of Chartered Accountants conducted by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). Besides, the research proposed by such a candidate shall be inter-disciplinary in its design and approach.

Award of Ph.D. in Law / Interdisciplinary

The Ph.D. in Law shall be awarded for the candidates who applied under the eligibility condition mentioned in Regulations

• As referred above as well as
• For those candidate who had completed M.Phil in Law. Whereas, for the candidates who applied under Regulations (b) (M.Phil in Commerce), (c) and (d) will be eligible only for the award of Ph.D. (Interdisciplinary), provided all other necessary conditions are fulfilled under the TNNLU Ph.D. Regulations, 2021].

 Enrolment & Duration of the Programme

• The University shall offer its Ph.D. programme in both full-time and part-time modes. However, ordinarily, the enrolment for the Ph.D. programme in the University shall be in full-time mode and where the full-time mode of study is not possible for the candidates then such candidates can register their Ph.D. programme on a part-time mode subject to the terms of the Regulations.
• Gets a full time employment
• Marries (applicable to women candidates only) and is not in a position to continue as a full time research student.]  
• The minimum duration for the Ph.D. programme on a full-time mode shall be 3 years (including course work) and the maximum duration is 5 years from the date of candidate’s registration. Within the said maximum period, the candidate shall complete the research work undertaken by him/her and submit it for evaluation. In the case of a part-time candidate, the minimum period is 4 years (including course work), and this includes the time spent for research at any other place with the permission of the supervisor. The maximum duration shall be 6 years.
• On completion of the maximum duration, an extension of up to one year (two extensions, each for six months) may be granted by the Doctoral Council on the recommendation of the research supervisor if it is convinced that the candidate seeking such extension will be able to complete the writing of his/her thesis within the period of extension.
• The Doctoral Council shall thereon inform the candidate concerned, and the Vice-Chancellor if such an extension is granted or rejected.
• The extension, mentioned above, may be awarded subject to the candidate paying the notified fees which may be revised by the University from time to time.
• Notwithstanding anything said in Regulation 3.3, women candidates and Persons with more than 40% disabilities may be allowed a relaxation of two years in the aforementioned maximum duration. [In addition, a woman candidate may be provided maternity Leave/Child Care Leave once in the entire duration of Ph.D. for 240 days. 

 Availability of Seats & Admission Notification

• On an annual basis, TNNLU shall decide through the Doctoral Council a predetermined or manageable number of Ph.D. scholars to be admitted. This shall be done considering the number of available Research Supervisors, the scholar-teacher ratio and other academic/physical infrastructure including library facilities of the University.
• The Ph.D. notification may be prepared based on the guidelines/norms made by the UGC and other statutory bodies concerned, and by considering the reservation policy of the Government from time to time.
• The University, then, shall issue an admission notification on its website and an advertisement in at least 2 national newspapers, of which at least 1 shall be in the regional language. The notification shall specify the number of vacancies, criteria for admission, details of the entrance test, the procedure for admission and where necessary, specify the examination centre(s).

Admission Procedure

• Application for admission shall be submitted along with the research proposal/synopsis of the topic of research to the Registrar of TNNLU in the prescribed form and on payment of the prescribed fees.
• Then there shall be a screening for the Ph.D. admission. The screening for Ph.D. admission shall consist of two components, viz., an Entrance Test and an Interview. Besides, if the candidate seeks to avail of the TNNLU Research Fellowship, if any, for pursuing research then he/she shall appear for the Admission Test to determine the interse merit based on which such Research Fellowship shall be awarded.
• The question paper of the Entrance Test shall have two parts. Questions in Part-A shall cover the research methodology, constitutional law, jurisprudence, environmental law, international law and human rights law. Whereas, the Part-B shall test students on the subject specific knowledge. The duration of the Test shall be one and half hours with additional half an hour for the visually impaired or differently abled students.
• Part-A shall contain Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). In this Part, all questions shall be compulsory and carry 2 marks each. There will be no negative marking for the questions answered wrongly.
• The Part-B shall have five descriptive or analytical questions relating to the area of study chosen by the student. Each question carries equal marks. d. Notwithstanding what is stated in Regulation
• The University reserves the right to exclusively focus on research methodology component for 50 marks in Part-A of the Entrance Test.  e. The Entrance Test shall ordinarily be conducted at the university. However, the University reserves the right to choose the mode of the Entrance Test (online/offline).
• A candidate securing 50% of marks (in the case of general category) and 45% (in the case of Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes) in the Entrance Test shall alone be considered as qualified. Such candidates shall be declared as eligible to be called for interview.
• Later, the candidates who have passed the Entrance Test shall be called for an interview. All the candidates seeking admission to the Ph.D. Programme who have passed the Entrance Test, shall be required to present themselves for an interview before the [Doctoral Council. This Council shall be comprised of all the research supervisors from within the University and where necessary, external experts may be invited by the Vice-Chancellor to interview the candidates and screen their research proposals.
• In the interview, the candidates shall present their research proposal before the Doctoral Council.
• Candidate’s ability in presenting and defending the research proposal (10 marks);  
• Research aptitude of the Candidates (as evidenced by research publications and papers presented in conferences in the subject area) (5 marks);
• Research methodology adopted (10 marks);  
• The viability of the topic of research (5 marks);  
• (i) whether the candidate possesses the competence for the proposed research (1 mark);  (ii) whether the research work can be suitably undertaken at the TNNLU (1 mark); and  (iii) whether the proposed area of research can contribute to new/additional knowledge (3 marks); (i.e., d (i) to (iii) carries 5 marks); and d. Notwithstanding what is stated in Regulation
• The University reserves the right to exclusively focus on research methodology component for 50 marks in Part-A of the Entrance Test.
• The Entrance Test shall ordinarily be conducted at the university. However, the University reserves the right to choose the mode of the Entrance Test (online/offline).
• Later, the candidates who have passed the Entrance Test shall be called for an interview. All the candidates seeking admission to the Ph.D. Programme who have passed the Entrance Test, shall be required to present themselves for an interview before the [Doctoral Council. This Council shall be comprised of all the research supervisors from within the University and where necessary, external experts may be invited by the Vice-Chancellor to interview the candidates and screen their research proposals. 4.2.6 In the interview, the candidates shall present their research proposal before the Doctoral Council.
• Research methodology adopted (10 marks);
• (i) whether the candidate possesses the competence for the proposed research (1 mark);  (ii) whether the research work can be suitably undertaken at the TNNLU (1 mark); and  (iii) whether the proposed area of research can contribute to new/additional knowledge (3 marks); (i.e., d (i) to (iii) carries 5 marks); and 

Course Work

• The research students admitted to the Ph.D. programme shall complete the coursework within one year from the date of joining.
• Ordinarily, the Ph.D. coursework shall be conducted by the University in an offline mode. However, the University reserves the right to conduct the same in an online mode if it is impossible to administer the course work in an offline mode owing to COVID-19 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) or for any other reasons.
• “Unless exempted, every candidate admitted to the Ph.D. programme shall do mandatory Ph.D. coursework for 16 weeks. The Course work is designed for 10 credits comprising of the following components: 

Assessments and Marks Allocation

• The Syllabus for the research methodology including quantitative methods, computer applications and research ethics shall be framed by the Doctoral Council of TNNLU and the syllabus relating to the subject-specific courses shall be framed by the supervisor of the research student concerned in consultation with the Research Committee.
• Grades in the course work, including research methodology courses shall be finalized after an assessment by the course teacher and the evaluation of the end semester examination if any.
• The Doctoral Council shall administer the course work and the evaluation of the same. At the end of the course work, the Doctoral Council shall direct the examination department of the University to complete the entry of marks/grade in the records of the candidate.
• Thereafter, the result of the Course work shall be communicated to the research student and a grade card shall also be issued to him/her by the University.
• A candidate who obtains a minimum of 55% of marks or its equivalent grade in the course work alone shall be eligible to continue in the programme and submit the final thesis.
• Also, if need be, the full-time research students may be required to assist the professors of the University in organizing seminars, conferences, publications and lectures, etc.

Progress Report by the Research Student

• All research students (enrolled on part-time & full-time mode) shall submit a semester-wise progress report to their Research Supervisors.
• There shall be a half-yearly open presentation of the research student convened by the Chairperson/Convener of the Doctoral Council on the recommendation of the research supervisor.
• A half-yearly presentation of the progress of the research shall be made by each candidate, before the respective Doctoral Committee, which may be attended by other research Supervisors and research students of TNNLU.
• The Doctoral Committee shall draw up minutes on the presentation and assessment and also record whether the [research] 13 student has been making satisfactory progress or not. A copy of the minutes so made shall be sent to the Registrar with due intimation to the Doctoral Council and Academic Section. 
• A student registered as a full-time Ph.D. research student shall have at least 80% attendance every semester. Failing which, such scholar’s name shall be removed from the rolls of TNNLU subject to other provisions stated herein.
• Notwithstanding what is stated in Regulation
• The Doctoral may condone the shortage of attendance up to 10 % on an application made by the student, duly recommended by the Research Supervisor.
• Unless exempted by the Doctoral Council, Regulations 4.7.1 and 4.7.2 may also be applied to the part-time scholars during the term of the Ph.D. coursework.
• A research student shall be eligible to attend interdisciplinary conferences/seminars/specialized training programmes connected with his/her area of research or visit other places for collecting data, and such days when they were away from TNNLU, including days of travel, shall be counted for attendance or for periods of being in residence at TNNLU if they have been duly authorized to do so by the Research Supervisor and endorsed by the Doctoral Council.
• a candidate who comes under the national/state or such other fellowship or scheme/project etc. shall be governed by the
• The University reserves the right to determine and revise the fee structure applicable to the Ph.D. research students from time to time.
• Every research student shall promptly pay the applicable categories of fees (See Annexure-A) as may be notified by the University, from time to time, by its circular on the notice board or by notification on the TNNLU’s website. However, a Teacher/Research Officer of TNNLU who is also the research student/student in the University is exempted from the payment of such hostel and user fees or charges and refundable deposits if any.
• Every research student is also required to remit the term fees (semester fees) along with the production of an attendance certificate (full-time research students) and a progress report. Also, every research student shall make an open presentation of the progress of research achieved during that semester before the payment of the next semester fees before the Doctoral Committee that may be constituted by the Doctoral Council.
• A list of the research students defaulting on the payment of fees shall be maintained and notified by the University on its website and where necessary by a postal correspondence such a candidate may be informed.
• If any research student fails to remit the fees which are due within 30 days from the last date specified by the University, then the University reserves the right to remove the name(s) of such research students from the rolls. A corresponding note shall be displayed on the TNNLU’s notice board and website.
• In cases where the default in payment of fees exceeds 30 days, the research student shall be required to apply for re-admission within 180 days, which shall be placed for consideration before the Doctoral Council. If the Doctoral Council is satisfied with the genuineness of the causes of delay then it shall be competent to take the appropriate decision to re-admit the research student. However, the registration shall remain cancelled if the research student is in default of fees for more than 180 days from the actual due date. 

Prof. Achyuta Samanta Founder – KIIT & KISS achyutasamanta.com

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D.), (PDF) PROGRAMME

The school of law, kiit offers ph. d degree. the doctoral programme aims to pursue research on contemporary problems in various streams of law that requires critical and out of box thinking. the programme awards ph.d. in law from the kiit . since 2010 the institute has been enrolling scholars for their doctoral research in law. participants undergo a rigorous selection process including multi-disciplinary interviews before being selected for the programme. at present about twenty ph.d scholars are registered with ksol and carrying out research in the areas like criminology, medical negligence, intellectual property securitization, family law, criminal law, and company law. an applicant seeking admission to ph.d. programme must have:, a post-graduation degree with good academic record from any recognized university having scored a minimum of 55%, m.phil in law from a recognized university, master’s degree in any social science or allied discipline relevant to the field of research with minimum of 55% marks..

• Should have an aptitude for research.

Programme Outcomes (POs)

Programme specific outcomes (pso).

Name of the Program: Ph.D

The Post graduate students after completion of PhD program shall be able to:

PO.1. Critical Thinking: Take informed actions after identifying the assumptions that frame our thinking and actions, checking out the degree to which these assumptions are accurate and valid, and looking at our ideas and decisions (intellectual, organizational, and personal) from different perspectives to understand and offer solution within the realm of law.

PO.2. Effective Communication: Speak, read, write and listen clearly and use the nuances of legal communication where the legal profession will be practiced, and make meaning of the world by connecting people, ideas, books, media and technology.

PO.3. Social Interaction: Elicit views of others, mediate disagreements and help reach conclusions in group settings and make use of rule of law to the best possible way.

PO.4. Effective Citizenship: Demonstrate empathetic social concern and equity centred national development, and the ability to act with an informed awareness of issues and participate in civic life through volunteering.

PO.5. Ethics: Recognize different value systems including your own, understand the moral dimensions of your decisions.

PO.6. Environment and Sustainability: Understand the issues of environmental contexts and sustainable development for the betterment of people served to the legal profession and the state or society as a whole.

PO.7. Self-directed and Life-long Learning: Acquire the ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context socio-legal changes

PSO.1. Conceptualize problems for legal research in inter disciplinary areas.

PSO.2. Critically analyse legal theories in different fields of Law and inculcate enhancement of knowledge through research and writing.

PSO.3. Acquire the skill of identifying contentious issues in socio-political and legal perspective for devising ways to counter the gaps between law and its implementation in various avenues of human interaction.

PSO.4. Empower to apply the theoretical knowledge of law ethically in all spheres of governance, regulation and dispute resolution.

Financial Support

Teaching assistantship is provided by the University to the deserving and meritorious candidates pursuing Ph.D.. A student provided fellowship/ assistantship by the University is required to render assistance to the Faculty members in teaching and research activities.

Centre For Post Graduate Legal Studies

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Programme Details

JGU is a research-intensive University, and the Ph.D. Programme is designed keeping in mind the need and vision of Jindal Global Law School’s aspiration to be at the forefront of cutting-edge research. Keeping in view the vision of the O.P. Jindal Global (Institution of Eminence Deemed to Be University) to provide globalized legal education, the Ph.D. course work aims to equip our Ph.D. students with skills to conduct research on legal issues from a global perspective, enabling them to think, innovate and apply their knowledge to emerging global legal issues. The outstanding faculty of JGLS will inspire and motivate you to work hard and to engage in meticulous research reflecting a sense of passionate commitment to achieving excellence. The Global Ph.D. Programme seeks to provide our research aspirants with the best of opportunities to develop their thesis.

Broad Areas of Research

• International Law: Law of Outer Space, International Legal Systems, Humanitarian Law
• Constitutional Law: Election Law, Electoral Reforms, Rights of Refugees, Right to Health, Indigenous Rights, Judicial Delays
• Comparative Law: Comparative Constitutionalism
• Competition Law: Law and Procedure of Competition Commission of India
• Law of Taxation: International Taxation
• Criminal Law: Juvenile Offenders, Restorative Justice
• Socio-Legal Studies: Cause Lawyering, Commercial Surrogacy
• Intellectual Property Rights: Policy on Innovation, Data Privacy
• Legal Philosophy: Organizational Theory

Eligibility Criteria

• LLM with at least 55% marks or an equivalent grade. Professional qualification such as CA/ ICWA/ CFA/ CS (both 5 year integrated or 3 years after graduation) with minimum 55% marks.
• Master’s degree in a discipline relevant to the proposed research with at least 55% marks or equivalent grade.
• Applicants with more than 3 years industry/ teaching/ practicing/ managerial/ professional experience will be given preference.
• Relaxation of 5% of marks, from 55% to 50%, or an equivalent relaxation of grade, may be allowed for those belonging to SC/ST/Differently-Abled categories or for those who had obtained their Master’s degree prior to 19th September, 1991. The eligibility marks of 55% (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed) and the relaxation of 5% to the categories mentioned above are permissible based only on the qualifying marks without including the grace mark procedures.

Categories of Admission

Applicants shall be admitted to the Ph.D. Programme under one of the following categories:

• Full-time Ph.D. Student (with or without fellowship) “means a person enrolled in the Ph.D. Programme devoting full-time to completing the requirements of the degree.”
• Part-Time Ph.D. Student (without fellowship) “means a person who is registered in the Ph.D. Programme devoting part of his/ her time for completing the requirements of the degree while discharging other employment obligations.”

Application & Selection Procedure

Admission & Selection

Duration of the Course

The minimum and maximum period of study and research shall be three years and six years respectively from the date of registration of the student.

• Credit Requirement & Coursework Details

Fee Structure & Fellowship Details

• Fee Details

Important Dates

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