good words to use in research paper

Academic Phrasebank

• GENERAL LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
• Being cautious
• Being critical
• Classifying and listing
• Compare and contrast
• Defining terms
• Describing trends
• Describing quantities
• Explaining causality
• Giving examples
• Signalling transition
• Writing about the past

The Academic Phrasebank is a general resource for academic writers. It aims to provide you with examples of some of the phraseological ‘nuts and bolts’ of writing organised according to the main sections of a research paper or dissertation (see the top menu ). Other phrases are listed under the more general communicative functions of academic writing (see the menu on the left). The resource should be particularly useful for writers who need to report their research work. The phrases, and the headings under which they are listed, can be used simply to assist you in thinking about the content and organisation of your own writing, or the phrases can be incorporated into your writing where this is appropriate. In most cases, a certain amount of creativity and adaptation will be necessary when a phrase is used. The items in the Academic Phrasebank are mostly content neutral and generic in nature; in using them, therefore, you are not stealing other people’s ideas and this does not constitute plagiarism. For some of the entries, specific content words have been included for illustrative purposes, and these should be substituted when the phrases are used. The resource was designed primarily for academic and scientific writers who are non-native speakers of English. However, native speaker writers may still find much of the material helpful. In fact, recent data suggest that the majority of users are native speakers of English. More about  Academic Phrasebank .

This site was created by  John Morley .  

Academic Phrasebank is the Intellectual Property of the University of Manchester.

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120+ Connective Words for Writing Research Paper

Connective words to link sentences to Write Research Paper

Writing a research paper involves more than just presenting your findings; it requires a cohesive structure that guides the reader through your ideas flawlessly. One essential tool for achieving this coherence is the strategic use of connective words. These words and phrases act as a bridge, linking different sections of your research paper and creating a smooth flow of your thoughts and ideas. So, in this article, you will learn the importance of connective words in writing your research paper, the types of connective words, and some effective ways to use them to enhance the clarity and impact of your writing.

The most difficult thing in writing a research paper is to maintain the flow of the work with easy understanding to readers. One of the important reasons for this difficulty is the lack of sentence Connective Words or misplaced connecting keywords. In this article, we will find out the 120+ connective writing keywords for a research paper .

Unleash the power of Connective Words in English! In this article, iLovePhD equips you with a treasure trove of connectors to guide your reader smoothly through your writing. From showing cause and effect to adding details and marking time, you’ll find the perfect words to craft a clear and captivating flow.

What is cohesion in writing?

• Cohesion in writing refers to the way we use vocabulary and grammatical structures to make connection between the ideas within a text.
• It provides flow and sequence to your work and helps you to make your writing clear for the reader.
• Cohesive devices are words and expressions that show relationship between parts of text and ideas, such as cause and effect, time, addition, comparison, and contrast.

Significance of Connective Words:

• Connective words play a key role in guiding researchers through the logical progression of their arguments and ideas.
• They help to establish relationship between sentences, paragraphs, and sections, ensuring that your paper unfolds in a coherent and organized manner.
• Without effective connectives, readers may struggle to follow your train of thoughts, leading to confusion and disengagement.

Connective words can be broadly classified into seven types, each serves a specific purpose.

1 . Affirmative Connectives

These connectives are used to emphasize your claims and provide further clarification to your arguments by offering concrete evidence.

The phrases that can be used to present “Affirmative Connectives” are

• This clearly shows…
• Experimental results reveal that…
• The analysis confirms that…
• Studies have demonstrated that…
• The results indicate that…
• There is substantial evidence that…
• The argument implies that…
• The author suggests that… and
• The findings support the hypothesis that…

You can very-well use the above said phrases to express your affirmative statements.

And some of the examples of affirmative connective words are

• For example
• For instance
• In particular
• To be specific
• As evidenced by
• As demonstrated by, and
• To illustrate

These words will help you to introduce and integrate evidence into the narrative of your research paper.

2. Sequential Connectives :

These words indicate chronological or sequential order, helping to structure your paper’s narrative. Here is the list of connective words used to present sequential order. They are  

• To begin with
• Before and After
• Subsequently and

These connectives help to organize your information in a clear and logical sequence, guiding the reader through the steps or stages of your argument and analysis.

The phrases used to highlight the “key points” in your writing are

• It is important to note that…
• A key finding of this study is…
• This study highlights…
• The primary takeaway is…
• The principal argument is…
• The main point to consider is…

These phrases help to draw attention to the most important elements or findings in your research paper.

3. Causal Connectives :

These connective words are used to highlight cause-and-effect relationship between ideas. Examples include

• Because of this
• As a result
• Consequently
• Leads to, and
• Resulting in

These words will help to clearly articulate the relationship between the causes and their effects, making the logical connections in your argument clear.

The connective words used to present “additional information” are

• Additionally
• Furthermore
• In addition
• Similarly, and
• Not only…but also…

These connectives can be used to present additional information in your research paper.

The connective words used to express “condition” are

• Provided that
• Assuming that
• In the event
• So that, and

These connectives help to establish conditions or stipulations in your writing, clarifying the circumstances under which certain statements or conclusions apply.

The connective words used to present “space and time” are

• Simultaneously
• Subsequently
• At the same time
• In the meantime, and

These connective words are used to organize information in relation to spatial and temporal contexts, providing a clear sense of sequence in your writing.

4. Cautious Connectives :

Avoid using terms like obviously, certainly and definitely; unless you are citing literatures. Instead of using the terms like ‘surely’ or ‘everyone knows’, you can use the following phrases like

• It is important to consider the potential biases in…
• This strongly suggests that…
• The findings are strongly supported by…
• This approach demonstrates…
• It is recommended to proceed with…
• It is prudent to be…

Some of the examples of cautious connective words are

• Nevertheless
• Despite this
• On the other hand
• Could be seen as; and

These phrases and words can be used to convey a sense of careful consideration and awareness of potential limitations or uncertainties in your research paper.

5. Comparative Connectives :

These words are used to draw comparison between different elements in your paper, highlighting similarities or differences.

Examples of this type are

• In comparison,
• In the same way,
• Correspondingly,
• On the contrary,
• Conversely,
• Even though,
• Alternatively,
• In contrast, and

These connective words will help to signal comparison between different aspects, findings, or perspectives within your research paper.

6. Doubtful Connectives

These connectives are used to express doubtfulness of a theory or an argument or a claim. Some of the examples of phrases to express the uncertainty are

• This theory is debatable because…
• The mechanism remains to be clarified
• The findings raise questions about…
• It remains unclear…
• This argument is sceptical because…
• This could indicate the uncertainty…
• Further research is needed to determine…

These phrases will help you to indicate areas where more investigation is needed or where the current understanding is still tentative.

7. Conclusive Connectives

These words are used to indicate a conclusion or summarize key points, wrapping up your arguments and guiding readers toward the paper’s final thoughts.

Examples of conclusive connective words are

• In conclusion
• To summarize
• Ultimately, and
• To conclude with

These words will help the reader to know that you are summarizing the main points and reaching a conclusion in your research paper.

Strategies for using Connective Words Effectively:

So far, we have explored the different types of connective words and phrases, now, let’s look into the five strategies for incorporating them effectively in the research paper.

• Plan Your Structure : Before you start writing, outline the main sections and sub-sections of your paper. Then, identify the key points and the relationship between them, and plan where connective words will be needed to guide readers through your arguments.
• Avoid repetition : It is essential to use connective words consistently for clarity. Avoid overusing the same words or phrases. Instead, vary your choice of connectives to maintain the reader’s interest and prevent your writing from becoming monotonous.
• Be Specific : Choose connective words that accurately reflect the relationship between ideas. Consider the meaning of each connective word and select the most appropriate one for conveying your intended meaning.
• Make Smooth Transition : Ensure that connective words are seamlessly integrated into your sentences and paragraphs. Use them to create smooth transitions between ideas, and avoid abrupt shifts or disjointed transitions.
• Edit and Revise : As you review your paper , pay more attention to the effectiveness of your connective words. You can strengthen the connection between ideas, clarify relationships, and improve the overall coherence of your writing.

Conclusion:

Connective words serve as the threads that bind disparate ideas into a unified and well-organized research paper. Ensure that the words and phrases you choose are suitable and appropriate for your writing, and most importantly the information that you presented in your research paper should be understood by the readers in the same meaning as you conveyed. It should not be like; you implied something and the readers inferred something. Appropriate use of connective words and phrases will elevate the quality of your research paper and will leave a good impression on readers. 

Happy researching!

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