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Published on September 18, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.
The basic structure of an essay always consists of an introduction , a body , and a conclusion . But for many students, the most difficult part of structuring an essay is deciding how to organize information within the body.
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The basics of essay structure, chronological structure, compare-and-contrast structure, problems-methods-solutions structure, signposting to clarify your structure, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about essay structure.
There are two main things to keep in mind when working on your essay structure: making sure to include the right information in each part, and deciding how you’ll organize the information within the body.
The three parts that make up all essays are described in the table below.
Part | Content |
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You’ll also have to consider how to present information within the body. There are a few general principles that can guide you here.
The first is that your argument should move from the simplest claim to the most complex . The body of a good argumentative essay often begins with simple and widely accepted claims, and then moves towards more complex and contentious ones.
For example, you might begin by describing a generally accepted philosophical concept, and then apply it to a new topic. The grounding in the general concept will allow the reader to understand your unique application of it.
The second principle is that background information should appear towards the beginning of your essay . General background is presented in the introduction. If you have additional background to present, this information will usually come at the start of the body.
The third principle is that everything in your essay should be relevant to the thesis . Ask yourself whether each piece of information advances your argument or provides necessary background. And make sure that the text clearly expresses each piece of information’s relevance.
The sections below present several organizational templates for essays: the chronological approach, the compare-and-contrast approach, and the problems-methods-solutions approach.
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The chronological approach (sometimes called the cause-and-effect approach) is probably the simplest way to structure an essay. It just means discussing events in the order in which they occurred, discussing how they are related (i.e. the cause and effect involved) as you go.
A chronological approach can be useful when your essay is about a series of events. Don’t rule out other approaches, though—even when the chronological approach is the obvious one, you might be able to bring out more with a different structure.
Explore the tabs below to see a general template and a specific example outline from an essay on the invention of the printing press.
Essays with two or more main subjects are often structured around comparing and contrasting . For example, a literary analysis essay might compare two different texts, and an argumentative essay might compare the strengths of different arguments.
There are two main ways of structuring a compare-and-contrast essay: the alternating method, and the block method.
In the alternating method, each paragraph compares your subjects in terms of a specific point of comparison. These points of comparison are therefore what defines each paragraph.
The tabs below show a general template for this structure, and a specific example for an essay comparing and contrasting distance learning with traditional classroom learning.
In the block method, each subject is covered all in one go, potentially across multiple paragraphs. For example, you might write two paragraphs about your first subject and then two about your second subject, making comparisons back to the first.
The tabs again show a general template, followed by another essay on distance learning, this time with the body structured in blocks.
An essay that concerns a specific problem (practical or theoretical) may be structured according to the problems-methods-solutions approach.
This is just what it sounds like: You define the problem, characterize a method or theory that may solve it, and finally analyze the problem, using this method or theory to arrive at a solution. If the problem is theoretical, the solution might be the analysis you present in the essay itself; otherwise, you might just present a proposed solution.
The tabs below show a template for this structure and an example outline for an essay about the problem of fake news.
Signposting means guiding the reader through your essay with language that describes or hints at the structure of what follows. It can help you clarify your structure for yourself as well as helping your reader follow your ideas.
In longer essays whose body is split into multiple named sections, the introduction often ends with an overview of the rest of the essay. This gives a brief description of the main idea or argument of each section.
The overview allows the reader to immediately understand what will be covered in the essay and in what order. Though it describes what comes later in the text, it is generally written in the present tense . The following example is from a literary analysis essay on Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein .
Transition words and phrases are used throughout all good essays to link together different ideas. They help guide the reader through your text, and an essay that uses them effectively will be much easier to follow.
Various different relationships can be expressed by transition words, as shown in this example.
Because Hitler failed to respond to the British ultimatum, France and the UK declared war on Germany. Although it was an outcome the Allies had hoped to avoid, they were prepared to back up their ultimatum in order to combat the existential threat posed by the Third Reich.
Transition sentences may be included to transition between different paragraphs or sections of an essay. A good transition sentence moves the reader on to the next topic while indicating how it relates to the previous one.
… Distance learning, then, seems to improve accessibility in some ways while representing a step backwards in others.
However , considering the issue of personal interaction among students presents a different picture.
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The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement , a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas.
The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ideas.
An essay isn’t just a loose collection of facts and ideas. Instead, it should be centered on an overarching argument (summarized in your thesis statement ) that every part of the essay relates to.
The way you structure your essay is crucial to presenting your argument coherently. A well-structured essay helps your reader follow the logic of your ideas and understand your overall point.
Comparisons in essays are generally structured in one of two ways:
It’s also possible to combine both methods, for example by writing a full paragraph on each of your topics and then a final paragraph contrasting the two according to a specific metric.
You should try to follow your outline as you write your essay . However, if your ideas change or it becomes clear that your structure could be better, it’s okay to depart from your essay outline . Just make sure you know why you’re doing so.
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.
Caulfield, J. (2023, July 23). How to Structure an Essay | Tips & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved September 23, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/essay-structure/
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Uwa undergraduate philosophy society.
No doubt you have an essay due that you'll start working on sooner or later (definately later). The UPhilSoc essay writing workshop is a great way to start! Learn the basic structure of a philosophy paper; what is required and expected. We will also be covering some tips and tricks to writing papers as well as reading them for research! HD philosophy papers will be provided as examples as we collaboratively break down what makes them work.
EVENT DETAILS: 🗓Thursday, 21st of March ⌚️4-5:30 PM 📍ARTS: [G03] Arts Seminar Room
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The UWA Undergraduate Philosophy Society would like to acknowledge the traditional custodians of the land on which we will meet, Whadjuk boodja of the Noongar people. We pay our respects to Elders past, present, and emerging.
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21st Mar 2024 @ 4:00pm | 21st Mar 2024 @ 5:30pm |
ARTS: [ G03] Arts Seminar Room
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Check with your unit coordinator or supervisor about which style you are required to use.
If you are using a referencing style with Footnotes - such as Chicago - you will need to use the "Insert Footnote" feature within the 'Reference' tab in MS Word.
If you are using EndNote referencing software you can work between the 'Reference' tab and the 'EndNote' tab in MS Word to automate the creation of your superscript numbering, footnotes and reference listing.
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UWA supports six main referencing styles, and the Library provides guides to each of these styles. The guides provide an overview of the style you are using, the rules applied to the style, with examples demonstrating how you might use the style for different resource formats you have used in your writing (e.g. journal articles, books, web sources, AI tools, etc.).
Referencing styles are rules for how to write out references, what information to include, and the order to write it in.
Some important rules in styles are:
Referencing styles contain many more rules about every detail of references. When using a style, you must apply it correctly and consistently - every period, comma and space matter.
We use referencing styles to help readers. Because referencing styles request that you enter the information for books, journal articles or websites slightly differently, a reader can identify which type of source each reference represents. Because the parts of the reference (author, title, year etc) are written in a specific order, readers know, for example, which part is the article title or the journal title.
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Parts 1 and 2 must be completed to fulfil the requirements of the unit. This unit reviews the main methods of research in social work and assists students to design and complete their thesis. Topics include a review of research and research methods in social work; quantitative and qualitative research methods; developing a research proposal; and academic writing.
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Students are able to (1) demonstrate an advanced familiarity with relevant literature; (2) achieve a high level of critical awareness of themes, issues and debates relevant to the area; (3) relate concepts, theories and research to their practice experience; and (4) where relevant, apply their learning directly in their practice and research settings.
Indicative assessments in this unit are as follows: (1) research essay and (2) case study. Further information is available in the unit outline.
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A strong essay structure helps to build your argument and creates a logical flow in your writing. A good time to start thinking about the ... This resource was developed by theSTUDYSmarterteamfor UWA students. When using our resources, please retain them in theiroriginal form with boththe STUDYSmarterheading and the UWA logo. Title: Structuring ...
Writing university essays will be much easier if you use an effective structure. This clip will help you to understand what an effective structure consists o...
therefore, thus, hence. 1. Topic Sentence - A statement of the main idea you will discuss in the paragraph. 2. Unity - Each sentence builds on and links to the one main idea of the paragraph. - The main idea is developed 3. Coherence. using explanations, examples, etc. in a clear, logical and connected way. 4.
A thesis statement requires you to takea position. This means you do not 'sit on the fence'. You must be clear in your argument. A good thesis statement: is debatable, meaning it must be possible to present a case for and against the statement made (but you argue for one side), limits the scope of your essay, and.
Only got a few minutes to spare? Want some quick and easy tips on how to structure your ideas for essays? In this UWA STUDYSmarter shortcast we will show you...
A proforma for the front pages of your thesis that includes any required declarations is available here. Please include these front pages, complete with the appropriate signatures, in your thesis. Ensure that the electronic copy of your thesis is saved as a PDF format for upload. A temporarily bound copy of your thesis is no longer required ...
Study Smarter. The UWA Study Smarter team, has created an array of learning resources for you to use. In their Study Smarter webpage, scroll down to the A - Z of online resources section, to help with essay and assignment writing, presenting and exam preparation and much, much more! On this page, you will also find other useful information relating to booking consultations, drop in services ...
Academic Skills Centre Assignment Date Calculator. Enter the due date for your assignment to get an instant plan of attack with links to advice and resources. Identify the key components of an assignment question. Determine the required nature and extent of your response. Assess the results of a search strategy for quality and relevance.
Tips to help UWA students improve study, communication, writing and research skills at UWA.
writing, listening, reading and speaking skills will include a discussion of essay structure, plagiarism, criticality, listening and reading for specific information and for gist, and the development of presentational skills and discussions. ... students may be required to participate in face-to-face laboratory classes when a return to UWA's ...
Writing an essay in an exam can be daunting, but the following tips will help you feel prepared and get the best results. Exam essays test your ability to: answer the questions appropriately; develop an argument; use evidence to support your claims; articulate your critical voice; and. write clearly and correctly.
Support. Style and format - Formatting requirements, advice and thesis front page proformas. Thesis as a series of papers - Formatting a thesis as a series of published papers or manuscripts. Editorial assistance - Rules regarding editorial assistance for the preparation of theses. Turnitin - Access to text matching software.
In this style, each reference consists of an in-text citation of the author and date, with the full details in the reference list at the end of the document. How to use this APA 7 Referencing guide: View our APA 7 Referencing Style Guiding Principles below for an overview of in-text and end-text rules applicable across all formats.
The basic structure of an essay always consists of an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. But for many students, the most difficult part of structuring an essay is deciding how to organize information within the body. This article provides useful templates and tips to help you outline your essay, make decisions about your structure, and ...
How to structure your body paragraph for an analytical essay - UWA Foundation Programme, English 1
They require you to research and evaluate the evidence and present your findings in a clear and logical format. Comparing reports and essays. A report is not an essay, although there are similarities between them. Both require: an introduction, body and conclusion; a formal style of writing; and. evidence to support any conclusions.
No doubt you have an essay due that you'll start working on sooner or later (definately later). The UPhilSoc essay writing workshop is a great way to start! Learn the basic structure of a philosophy paper; what is required and expected. We will also be covering some tips and tricks to writing papers as well as reading them for research!
Basic essay structure: the 3 main parts of an essay. Almost every single essay that's ever been written follows the same basic structure: Introduction. Body paragraphs. Conclusion. This structure has stood the test of time for one simple reason: It works. It clearly presents the writer's position, supports that position with relevant ...
UWA supports six main referencing styles, and the Library provides guides to each of these styles. The guides provide an overview of the style you are using, the rules applied to the style, with examples demonstrating how you might use the style for different resource formats you have used in your writing (e.g. journal articles, books, web sources, AI tools, etc.).
Conclusions include: A summary of the main points made in each paragraph. A rewording of the thesis statement. A summary of any recommendations. made throughout the essay (optional). A general statement about the wider implications or applicability of what you have written about.
Academic writing generally requires you to be analytical, critical and adopt a particular position. You will need to know how to develop an argument and expr...
Outcomes. Students are able to (1) demonstrate an advanced familiarity with relevant literature; (2) achieve a high level of critical awareness of themes, issues and debates relevant to the area; (3) relate concepts, theories and research to their practice experience; and (4) where relevant, apply their learning directly in their practice and research settings.
Reflective writing is commonly used to reflect on a theory/set of ideas, or to reflect on a professional placement. Reflecting on theory. You may be asked to reflect on a given reading, theory or topic discussed in class. This is an opportunity for you to explore the ideas that you found the most interest-ing.