milgram experiment meaning

Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale University, carried out one of the most famous studies of obedience in psychology. He conducted an experiment focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience. Milgram (1963) examined justifications for acts of genocide offered by those accused at the World War II, Nuremberg ...

Milgram experiment The setup of the "shock generator" equipment for Stanley Milgram's experiment on obedience to authority in the early 1960s. The volunteer teachers were unaware that the shocks they were administering were not real. Milgram included several variants on the original design of the experiment.

Milgram experiment. The experimenter (E) orders the teacher (T), the subject of the experiment, to give what the teacher (T) believes are painful electric shocks to a learner (L), who is actually an actor and confederate. The subject is led to believe that for each wrong answer, the learner was receiving actual electric shocks, though in ...

History of the Milgram Experiments. Milgram started his experiments in 1961, shortly after the trial of the World War II criminal Adolf Eichmann had begun. Eichmann's defense that he was merely following instructions when he ordered the deaths of millions of Jews roused Milgram's interest.

The goal of the Milgram experiment was to test the extent of humans' willingness to obey orders from an authority figure. Participants were told by an experimenter to administer increasingly powerful electric shocks to another individual. Unbeknownst to the participants, shocks were fake and the individual being shocked was an actor.

Milgram was a young, Harvard-trained social psychologist working at Yale University when he initiated the first in a series of very similar experiments. The experiments were designed to understand how people could be made to obey orders that would involve causing another person considerable pain or even death.

Stanley Milgram left Harvard in 1967 to return to his hometown, New York City, accepting a position as head of the social psychology program at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Tragically, he died of a heart attack at the age of 51. Milgram is listed as number 46 on the American Psychological Association's list of the ...

And Milgram's experiment really ignited a debate particularly in social sciences about what was acceptable to put human subjects through." Enlarge this image. Gina Perry is an Australian psychologist.

The Experiment. Milgram had 40 participants, all male, and ages that ranged from 20 to 50 years. The participants would be paired with another 'participant', who was actually a confederate that knew the purpose of the experiment. The confederate would always be the learner, and the participant would always be the teacher. ...

Stanley Milgram's Experiment. Stanley Milgram was one of the most influential social psychologists of the twentieth century. Born in 1933 in New York, he obtained a BA from Queen's College, and went on to receive a PhD in psychology from Harvard. Subsequently, Milgram held faculty positions in psychology at Yale University and the City ...

Milgram explains that "obedience is the psychological mechanism that links individual action to political purpose. It is the dispositional cement that binds men to systems of authority" (Milgram, 1974). Humans need each other. Human societies provides tremendous benefits to the members. Rules, and obedience to the the rules, are necessary ...

Contrary to Milgram's conclusion that people blindly obey authorities to the point of committing evil deeds because we are so susceptible to environmental conditions, I saw in our subjects a great ...

Results of the Milgram Experiment. Before performing the experiment, Milgram asked some of his psychiatric colleagues to make a prediction about the results. Most thought the subjects wound abandon the experiment after the accomplice's first complaint. They believed about 4% would reach the level which caused the accomplice to pretend to faint.

Stanley Milgram (born August 15, 1933, New York City, New York, U.S.—died December 20, 1984, New York City) was an American social psychologist known for his controversial and groundbreaking experiments on obedience to authority. Milgram's obedience experiments, in addition to other studies that he carried out during his career, generally ...

Milgram concluded that the experiment forced the teacher to decide between two stressful situations: inflicting pain on another person and disobeying authority. The closeness of the learner and the experimenter to the teacher affected the teacher's choice: "In obeying, the participants were mainly concerned about alleviating their own ...

to define the meaning, and this is the basis of obedience. It cannot be viewed as an authority figure who forces an unwilling subordinate, instead the subject accepts the definition of the situation and acts willingly (Milgram, 1974). Milgram's Summary for High Obedience Milgram (1963) also summed up some features of his original experiment ...

These arguments are discussed in relation to the definition of obedience that has typically been adopted in psychology, the need for further historical work on Milgram's experiments, and the possibilities afforded by the development of a broader project of secondary qualitative analysis of laboratory interaction in psychology experiments.

The Original Experiment. In Milgram's original experiment, participants took part in what they thought was a "learning task." This task was designed to investigate how punishment—in this case in the form of electric shocks—affected learning. ... The U.S. mean obedience rate of 60.94 percent was not significantly different from the ...

A fourth, and final, application of Milgram's research is that it suggests specific preventive actions people can take to resist unwanted pressures from authorities: Question the authority's legitimacy. We often give too wide a berth to people who project a commanding presence, either by their demeanor or by their mode of dress and follow their ...

Published February 26, 2024. Updated March 22, 2024. The Milgram experiment tested its subjects' willingness to harm other people for the sake of obeying authority — and it ended with truly shocking results. Yale University Manuscripts and Archives Participants in one of Stanley Milgram's experiments that examined obedience to authority.

The Milgram experiment was designed to test people's willingness to obey authority, even when that obedience caused harm to others. The study involved three participants: the experimenter, the learner, and the teacher. The learner was actually a confederate of the experimenter, and the teacher was the real participant.

In the politicized language of the Cold War, Nicholson explains, men were either "soft" or "hard." (Yep, hard was better.) So naturally, of the 1,000 people Milgram recruited for his experiments, 960 were men. The "experimenter," who ordered the "subjects" to keep upping the voltage, was recruited for the role because of his ...