zotero phd thesis

Dissertation = thesis ?

• adamsmith March 4, 2008 I would just reference it as a book, and then put in the publisher field: "Doctoral Dissertation, XY University", this way this will look (in APA) Smart, L. (2008). _How to Cite Dissertations in Dissertations._ Cambridge, MA: Doctoral Dissertation, Harvard University.
• scot March 4, 2008 I have always assumed that 'thesis' is the general category to which all graduate level unpublished research. I mark them as thesis with a type of 'PhD' (or DD, DMin, whatever). One of the characteristics of the citation language which Zotero uses is that it tries to keep category proliferation down, so I can't image that they intended more than one category for dissertation/thesis works. Whether or not your chosen citation style outputs it correctly is a matter you'll have to test (and report back!). (On a side note, much of the English speaking world calls PhD work a "thesis" and Master's level work a "dissertation", the opposite of the N. American terminology.)

(On a side note, much of the English speaking world calls PhD work a "thesis" and Master's level work a "dissertation", the opposite of the N. American terminology.)

• lizrodwell March 23, 2008 edited March 23, 2008 I'm trying to use MLA style (as required for this paper) and it's not correctly showing up in the Works Cited properly when I label it a thesis. Proper format for an unpublished dissertation in MLA is: (example) Marks, Elizabeth A. "Shojo Manga as Female Fantasy: Bodies of the Feminine." Diss. U of Chicago, 2008. I can't seem to find a way using zotero's "thesis" label to get either Diss or the University to appear in the Works Cited.
• lizrodwell March 23, 2008 Oh, I wanted to add that labeling it a book instead of a thesis isn't good for MLA because then the title appears as underlined rather than in quotes in the Works Cited.

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How To Use Zotero For Reference Management (An Illustrative Guide)

As a PhD student, you will be required to read hundreds and hundreds of scholarly papers and other literature in order to produce a quality dissertation.

Effective management of literature will not only save you time but also your sanity. Luckily there are many reference management softwares available, some free, while others at a cost. Zotero is one such free software.

This article teaches you how to use Zotero for reference management in step-by-step instructions. The article covers the following topics:

What is Zotero?

How to install zotero, creating folders in zotero, saving references in zotero folders, drag and drop method, saving directly from the web browser, using zotero for in-text citations and creating bibliographies, final thoughts on using zotero for reference management, related articles.

Zotero is a free and open-source software that is used to store, organize, and cite references, as well as publish and share research works with others. It is one of the best reference management softwares available for free.

Step 1: Go to https://www.zotero.org/ and then downloads:

Step 2: Download the Zotero application for your computer’s operating system:

Step 3: Install the application on your computer. Once completed, you will get the following confirmation message “Success! You installed Zotero” as shown below:

Step 4: Install the Zotero Connector for your browser (depending on the browser you use). The Connector for browser enables one to save documents directly from the browser to Zotero.

Step 5: Register for a free account. Once you enable sync, your Zotero library on your computer will link with your Zotero’s online account, thereby enabling you to access your work anywhere.

Step 6: Go through the documentation provided on the Zotero website.

Step 7: Link Zotero with Word processor. This enables you to use Zotero for citation and creation of reference list directly into Word.

Go to Zotero icon on the top bar then from the drop-down menu, select Preferences > Cite > Word processors and install the add-in for the word processor you use.

Once the word processor is installed, you need to specify the referencing style that you will use. In this case, the APA 7th edition has been selected:

Once you’ve completed the 7 steps, you are now ready to start using Zotero for research.

The first thing you want to do after installing Zotero is to create folders in which your documents will be stored.

Organizing your references in folders is a good and effective way of managing your references. It saves you time spent on looking for specific papers and also helps you compartmentalize your writing.

Depending on your dissertation topic, you can create different folders for the different chapters of your dissertation, for instance, introduction, literature review, research methodology, discussion of findings etc.

You can also create folders for your coursework (if your PhD programme has a coursework component) and a different folder for the dissertation work.

To create a new folder in Zotero:

• Open Zotero.
• On the left-hand pane, there is a folder-like icon which if you hover on you’ll see it named “new collection.”

• Click on it. A new collection dialog box will open prompting you to give a name to the new folder, as shown below.

• Give the new folder the name you want to. In this case, I have named it “Data analysis.” The new folder will appear as the first item under the “My Library” folder, as shown below:

There are two ways of saving references in your Zotero folders:

This method is used if the references/documents are already saved in your computer. All you need to do is:

• Open Zotero
• Click on the document of interest that’s already saved in your computer.
• Drag the document and drop it in the relevant Zotero folder.

With Zotero, one does not need to save the references/documents to the computer first in order to save to the Zotero folders. You can save directly from your web browsers as you are searching for and reading documents of interest.

This method requires one to have downloaded the Zotero web browser connector.

To save directly from the web browser:

• Open the document in the web browser you use (e.g. Chrome). As an example I have opened a document called “The economics of ehealth” in Google Chrome.
• With the document open, go to the Chrome extensions on the far hand-right side and click on it. A drop-down menu will open with all the Chrome extensions that you have installed, one of which should be the Zotero connector, as shown below:

• Click on the Zotero connector. A dialog box will open prompting you to save the document to a folder of your choice.

• Click done on the bottom right-hand side of the dialog box. The document will be saved to the folder selected. In this case it was saved in the PhD dissertation folder, as shown below:

Documents saved using the Zotero connector need not be pdf files. Even web pages can be saved directly into Zotero without converting them into pdf first.

The following is an example of a web page saved directly into Zotero using the Zotero connector for Chrome:

To open documents saved in Zotero, you can either double-click on their title (in the centre pane), or right click then select open.

Reference management is one of the hardest and time-consuming tasks for any doctoral student or researcher.

Luckily, reference management tools and softwares such as Zotero make the task much easier and manageable.

To successfully create in-text citations and bibliographies/reference lists, one must first specify the reference style that is allowed by their institution.

Second, the Zotero word processor add-in must be installed in their word processor.

To add an in-text citation using Zotero:

• Open the word document in which the citation will be added.
• Click the Zotero icon on the word document.
• On the left-hand side, you will see two icons. Select the first one named “add/edit citation.”
• A search bar with the Zotero icon will appear. Search the name of the author or the title of the document you want to cite from your Zotero library and select it.

• This action will bring the name of the authors of the document and the citation will be automatically added to the document where the cursor is placed.

To add a bibliography at the end of the document:

• On the left-hand side, select the second icon named “add/edit bibliography.”
• Zotero will automatically add the corresponding bibliographies for all the in-text citations.

It is important to note that while Zotero will do a pretty good job at automatically adding in-text citations and bibliographies, it is the responsibility of the student to identify and correct any errors made in the citations and bibliographies. For instance, errors in the placement of brackets, italicising the references, placement of commas etc.

Hence making reference to the reference style guides should be done each time the student is editing his/her work.

In conclusion, Zotero is a powerful tool for research because it enables one to add documents, add in-text citations and create bibliographies automatically. In the process, it saves the user much time and effort that could be spent if the tasks were to be done manually. Zotero is therefore worth learning by every student and researcher.

How To Use Mendeley For Reference Management (An Illustrative Guide)

How to Use RefWorks for Reference Management (A Detailed Guide)

How to Use Citavi for Reference Management (A Detailed Guide)

How to Use EndNote for Reference Management (A Comprehensive Guide)

How to Write a Concept Paper

How to Choose a Research Topic for Your PhD Thesis

Grace Njeri-Otieno

Grace Njeri-Otieno is a Kenyan, a wife, a mom, and currently a PhD student, among many other balls she juggles. She holds a Bachelors' and Masters' degrees in Economics and has more than 7 years' experience with an INGO. She was inspired to start this site so as to share the lessons learned throughout her PhD journey with other PhD students. Her vision for this site is "to become a go-to resource center for PhD students in all their spheres of learning."

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  APA: Zotero Examples

   For NPS theses, papers, and publications: to cite properly, follow these examples and apply the essential rules .

Select  American Psychological Association (APA) 7th edition  for the citation style in Zotero and in Word.

If a source type does not appear in the Zotero examples, consult the examples page.

Always check your output against the Citation Guide example .

For each source, ensure that your document has at least one in-text citation that has not been manually edited (i.e., put in signal-phrase format) to maintain the connection between Word and Zotero.

Book > Audiobook

Book Chapter in Edited Book > One author, two editors

Book section > three authors, one editor > from the introduction, forward, preface, etc., electronic book > chapter with doi or url.

Edit the in-text citations: remove the [ p. ] if you use a locator other than a page number.

In-text Citations

(Bonds, 2014, p. Chapter 3, para. 1)

Electronic Book > From a book provider (Kindle)

Edit the reference entry: remove the [ . ] after the title.

Reference Entry

Krishnan, A. (2008).  War as business: Technological change and military service contracting .  [Kindle DX version]. https://www.amazon.com

Electronic Book > From a library database

Book > print > one author, book > print > two authors, with edition number, book > print > three authors, class notes > published, lecture > published (online), presentation or workshop, computer program / software > hard copy, computer program / software > online, conference proceedings (online), conference proceedings (print), conference proceedings > paper presented at conference > unpublished, data set > published, data set > unpublished and retrievable, encyclopedia.

Edit the first in-text citation: add the full name of the organization and place the acronym in brackets. Edit the reference entry: replace the acronym with the full organization name.

First In-text Citation

( Department of Labor [ DOL ] , 2008)

DOL Department of Labor . (2008).  The construction industry under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)  [Fact sheet]. https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fact-sheets/1-flsa-construction

Edit the first in-text citation: add the full name of the organization and place the acronym in brackets. Edit the reference entry: replace the acronym with the full organization name and add the full date.

( Department of Defense [ DOD ] , 2005)

DOD Department of Defense . (2005 , December 19 ).  Information assurance training, certification, and workforce management  (DOD Directive 8570.01-M). https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/ dodm/857001m.pdf

( Joint Chiefs of Staff [ JCS ] , 2017)

JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff . (2017).  Countering air and missile threats  (JP 3-01). https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/pubs/jp3_01_pa.pdf

Field Manual / Military Regulation

( Department of the Army [ DA ] , 1994)

DA Department of the Army . (1994).  Sniper training  (FM 23-10). https://www.bits.de/NRANEU/others/amd-us-archive/fm_23-10%2894%29.pdf

Government Report > CRS Report

Government report > gao report, government report > strategy document / other government report.

Instruction

( Office of the Chief of Naval Operations [ OPNAV ] , 2019)

OPNAV Office of the Chief of Naval Operations . (2019 , May 5 ).  Navy Safety and Occupational Health program for forces afloat (OPNAVINST 5100.19F). Department of the Navy. https://www.secnav.navy.mil/doni/Directives/05000%20General%20Management%20Security%20and%20Safety%20Services/05-100%20Safety%20and%20Occupational%20Health%20Services/5100.19F.pdf

Edit the reference entry: add the full date.

Takai, T. M. (2013 , March 28 ).   Adoption of the national information exchange model within the Department of Defense  [Memorandum]. Department of Defense. https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/2013-03-28%20Adoption%20of%20the%20NIEM%20within%20the%20DoD.pdf

Handbook > Online

Handbook > print, journal article > online > with doi or url, journal article > online > from a library database, journal article > print, legal > bill / resolution > federal enacted, published in congressional record.

Edit the reference entry: remove the [ , ] after the date.

S. Res. 438, 114th Cong., 162 Cong. Rec. 2394 (2016) , (enacted).

Legal > Bill / Resolution > Federal unenacted

Legal > code of federal regulations, legal > congressional hearing > full hearing, legal > congressional hearing > testimony within a hearing, legal > court case decision > lower court.

Edit the reference entry: add the pages or paragraphs cited.

Lessard v. Schmidt, 349 F. Supp. 1078 , 1092–1104 (E.D. Wis. 1972). https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=16374362071956566586

Legal > Court Case Decision > Supreme Court

Legal > executive order > basic format, legal > executive order > extended format, legal > federal acquisition regulation (far), legal > public law > u.s. code.

Edit the first in-text citation: add the full name of the statute and place the acronym in brackets. Edit the reference entry: replace the acronym with the full statute name.

( National Environmental Policy Act [ NEPA ] ,1969)

NEPA  National Environmental Policy Act , 42 U.S.C. § 4331 (1969).

Legal > Public Law > U.S. Statutes at Large

Magazine article > online > doi or url > no author, magazine article > online > from a library database.

Edit the reference entry: after the year, add the month(s) (and day if applicable).

Katz, F. (2020 , January–March ). You're grounded for life.  Parenting Highlights Quarterly ,  112 (1), 22–27. ProQuest

Magazine Article > Print

Map > google map, multimedia > film, multimedia > podcast.

Edit the reference entry: add [ (Host). ] after the host's name.

McBracket, D. (Host).  (2020, January 7). Taking the sigh out of citation (No. 846) [Audio podcast episode]. In  Team Citation presents.  Komodo Studios. https://www.komodo-studios.com/podcasts/10486/firstnamelastlastnamefirst.html

Multimedia > Video

Newspaper article > online > doi or url > author given, newspaper article > online > doi or url > no author, newspaper article > online > from a library database, report > research report / think tank report / white paper.

Edit the reference entry: list the first six authors followed by [ … ] and then the last author.

Dixon, L., Clancy, N., Miller, B. M., Hoegberg, S., Lewis, M. M., Bender, B. , Ebi nger, S., Hodges, M., Syck, G. M., Nagy, C., &  . . . Choquette, S. R. (2017).  The cost and affordability of flood insurance in New York City  (Report No. RR1776-NYCEDC). RAND. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1776.html

Report > Technical Report > Author given (online)

Report > technical report > organization as author (online).

( National Toxicology Program [ NTP ] , 2012)

NTP National Toxicology Program . (2012).  Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (technical grade) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1/N mice (dermal studies)  (Report No. TR-576). National Institutes of Health. https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/tr576abs

Report > Technical Report > Author given (print)

Secondary / indirect source.

Cite in your text or format the in-text citation as shown in the Citation Guide example.

Social Media

Edit the in-text citations: delete the handle.

(Babygiraffe [@babygiraffehaslastlaugh] , 2020)

Thesis / Dissertation > From a commercial database > Dissertation

Thesis / dissertation > from an institutional archive > dissertation, thesis / dissertation > from an institutional archive > thesis, unpublished work > accepted for publication (online), unpublished work > not submitted for publication (print), unpublished work > submitted for publication (online), website / webpage > author given, website / webpage > organization as author.

( Federal Bureau of Investigation [ FBI ] , 2017)

FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation . (2017, April 6).  Forging papers to sell fake art.  https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/forging-papers-to-sell-fake-art

Website > No date given

Website > janes example.

Working Paper / Occasional Paper

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